Secondary lead production in Malaysia

A Statistical Mechanical Approach to Model Main Chain Scission in PFSA Ionomer Membranes

“…Radical attack is known to be the main cause of the chemical degradation in perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer membranes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells [1][2]. The attack can result in chain scissions [2] that have been quantified experimentally by fluorine release [3] and number average molecular weight measurements [4].…”

“…1. Chemical degradations are assumed to be initiated by the side chain cleavage followed by an unzipping mechanism that further causes the chain scission at main chain [2][3][4]. Each scission breaks the main chain into two fragments, and the total concentration of all fragments, ‫ܥ‬ ୲ ൌ ‫‬ ܿሺ‫,ݔ‬ ‫ݔ݀‪ሻ‬ݐ‬ ஶ , can be described by the rate equation written in the following:…”