Secondary kill effect of hydramethylnon bait against several species of cockroach

Shimamura, H.; Hori, Seiichi; Nagano, Hitomi; Matsunaga, Shigenori; Urushizaki, Fumio

doi:10.7601/mez.45.97

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Association of neonates with older conspecifics is common, perhaps universal in cockroaches, and ranges from short term contact with the mother (brooding), to subsociality or long term membership in aggregations (Gautier et al, 1988;Nalepa and Bell, 1997). All developmental stages feed on feces, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that intraspecific coprophagy is most prevalent in the early instars of gregarious synanthropic species (Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, P. fuliginosa) (Shimamura et al, 1994;Wang et al, 1995;Kopanic and Schal, 1997). Feces contain protozoan cysts, bacterial cells and spores, and are the primary source of inoculative microbes Cruden and Markovetz, 1984;Hackstein and Strumm 1994).…”

Section: External Rumen To Internal Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detritivory, coprophagy, and the evolution of digestive mutualisms in Dictyoptera

Nalepa¹,

Bignell²,

Bandi³

2001

Insectes soc.

164

169

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We review literature on extant detritivores, including cockroaches and termites, and conclude that coprophagy was the key behavior leading to the evolution of hindgut fermentation systems in the stem group of Dictyoptera. Coprophagy exploits concentrated microbial consortia on cellulose based substrates. These microbes are potential mutualists and food, but they also initiate degradation of cellulose, detoxify allelochemicals and soften the substrate, a phenomenon known as the "external rumen". We suggest that the evolution of a sophisticated hindgut fauna is a process of internalizing this self-assembled microbial community, accompanied by changes in host-microbe interdependence, the source of microbial inoculum for neonates, and host social behavior. Proctodeal trophallaxis evolved from pre-existing intraspecific coprophagous behavior when termite ancestors became subsocial, because the physiology of encystment in oxymonad and hypermastigid flagellates precludes their transfer via cysts in adult feces. The behavior was reinforced by the benefits of using the trophic stages of flagellates as food. The association of these flagellates with the dictyopteran lineage is an ancient one, and may have originated as part of the external rumen in the Carboniferous coal swamps.

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