Secondary invasion un‐undefined: The importance of consistent and clear terminology for classifying unique invasion phenomena

O’Loughlin, Luke S.; Green, Peter T.

doi:10.1002/ece3.3964

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In the Western Ghats, the spread of Lantana is a major threat (Joshi et al, 2015 ). Although Lantana has been known to invade lower elevations across a large part of India (Mungi et al, 2020 ), this study indicates the spread of Lantana to higher elevations, perhaps mediated by the presence of Eucalyptus akin to O'Loughlin and Green ( 2018 ). Apart from our study plots, we noticed Lantana in some of the higher reaches of the Western Ghats (~1840 m ASL), although in very small patches indicating an emerging problem that Eucalyptus stands may be facilitating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Timber stands can alter their local habitat, and these effects get multiplied due to their size and longevity (Dyderski et al, 2017 ; Le Maitre et al, 2011 ). Their presence and influence may also facilitate the invasion of other non‐natives, especially in the understory (Kuebbing & Nuñez, 2015 ; O'Loughlin & Green, 2018 ). Such understory invasives can have cascading impacts by competing with natural forest regeneration (Dyderski et al, 2017 ; Vacek et al, 2020 ), impacting animal movements (Habel et al, 2016 ; Stewart et al, 2021 ), and enhancing edge effects (McDonald & Urban, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of understory invasion in invasive timber stands of a tropical sky island

Jobin

Das

Harikrishnan

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Current climate and land cover change threaten global mountaintops with increased spread of invasive species. Long‐established plantations of invasive trees on these mountaintops can alter their surroundings, further increasing invader‐facilitated invasion. Identifying the ecological conditions promoting such associations can help develop better management interventions. The Western Ghats's Shola Sky Islands (>1400 m MSL) host vast stretches of invasive tree plantations that sustain the colonization of other invasive woody, herbaceous, and fern species in their understories. Here, we analyzed vegetation and landscape variables from 232 systematically placed plots in randomly selected grids using non‐metric multidimensional scaling and Phi coefficient approaches to examine patterns of association (positive interactions) between understory invasive species with specific invasive overstory species. We also conducted GLMM with zero inflation to determine the influence of environmental variables where such associations occur. We find that understory invasion of multiple species under the canopy of other invasives is widespread across the Shola Sky Islands. Stands of Eucalyptus host the colonization of 70% of non‐native invasive species surveyed across the Shola Sky Islands. In particular, the Lantana camara invasion is strongly associated with Eucalyptus stands. We also found that climatic variables affect the colonization of understory woody invasive species, while invasion by exotic herbaceous species is associated with the density of road networks. Canopy cover impacts all invasives negatively, while fire incidence was negatively associated with invasion by Lantana spp. and the Pteridium spp. While the restoration of natural habitats primarily targets the highly invasive Acacia , less invasive Eucalyptus and Pinus are often not included. Our study suggests that retaining such invasive species in natural habitats, particularly protected areas, can hinder ongoing grassland restoration efforts by facilitating further invasions by multiple woody and herbaceous species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of understory invasion in invasive timber stands of a tropical sky island

Jobin

Das

Harikrishnan

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the Western Ghats, the spread of Lantana is a major threat (Joshi et al, 2015). Although Lantana has been known to invade lower elevations across a large part of India (Mungi et al, 2020), this study indicates the spread of Lantana to higher elevations as well, perhaps mediated by the presence of Eucalyptus akin to (O'Loughlin & Green, 2018). Apart from our study plots, we noticed Lantana in some of the higher reaches of the Western Ghats (~1840 m ASL), although in very small patches indicating an emerging problem.…”

Section: Role Of Eucalyptusmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Plantations of non-native tree species can alter their local habitat, and these effects get multiplied due to their size and longevity (Dyderski et al, 2017; Le Maitre et al, 2011). Their presence and influence may also facilitate the invasion of other non-natives (Kuebbing & Nuñez, 2015; O’Loughlin & Green, 2018). Such understory invasives can have cascading impacts by competing with natural forest regeneration (Dyderski et al, 2017; Vacek et al, 2020), impacting animal movements (Habel et al, 2016; Stewart et al, 2021) and enhancing edge effects (McDonald & Urban, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of secondary invasion in the understory of exotic, invasive timber stands

Jobin

Das

Harikrishnan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Current climate and land cover change threaten global mountaintops with the increased spread of invasive species. Long-established plantations of exotic and invasive trees on these mountaintops can alter their surroundings, further increasing invader-facilitated or secondary invasion. Identifying the ecological conditions that promote such specific associations can help develop better management interventions. The Western Ghats's Shola Sky Islands (>1400m MSL) host vast stretches of exotic and invasive tree plantations that sustain the colonisation of other invasive woody, herbaceous and fern species in their understories. Here we analysed vegetation and landscape variables from 232 systematically-placed plots in randomly selected grids using NMDS and Phi Coefficient approaches to examine patterns of association (positive interactions) between secondary understory invasive species with specific exotic and invasive overstory species. We also conducted GLMM with zero inflation to determine the influence of environmental variables where such associations occur. We find that secondary invasion of multiple species under the canopy of other exotic invasives is widespread across the Shola Sky Islands. Stands of Eucalyptus host the colonisation of 70% of non-native invasive species surveyed across the Shola Sky Islands. In particular, the Lantana camara invasion is strongly associated with Eucalyptus stands. We also found that climatic variables affect the colonisation of understorey woody invasive species, while invasion by exotic herbaceous species is associated with the density of road networks. Canopy cover impacts all invasives negatively, while fire incidence was negatively associated with invasion by Lantana spp and the Pteridium spp. While the restoration of natural habitats largely targets the highly invasive Acacia, less invasive Eucalyptus and Pine are often not included. Our study suggests that retaining such exotic species in natural habitats, particularly protected areas, can hinder ongoing restoration efforts by facilitating further invasions by multiple woody and herbaceous species.

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Secondary invasion? Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) induced ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality interacts with ecological integrity to facilitate European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)

Baron

Rubin

2021

Can. J. For. Res.

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Invasive insects have been shown to facilitate secondary invasive species by altering forest structure and function. Specifically, invasive insect herbivores may promote the establishment and growth of invasive plants by creating canopy gaps. Such secondary invasions may be influenced by ecological integrity—the degree to which ecosystem composition, structure, and function deviate from their natural or historical range of variation. Here we investigate 1) whether emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis; EAB) induced ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality facilitates European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)—an invasive shade-tolerant shrub; 2) the role of ecological integrity in this relationship. We use a principal component analysis (PCA) to calculate an index of ecological integrity and a zero-altered negative binomial generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to describe European buckthorn occurrence and abundance. European buckthorn occurrence is influenced by canopy gaps, independent of EAB-induced gap formation. Ecological integrity and EAB-induced ash mortality interact to control European buckthorn abundance, with high ecological integrity limiting EAB-facilitated buckthorn invasion. This is the first evidence for EAB-facilitated buckthorn invasion and for an interaction between a secondary invasion and ecological integrity. Thus, ecological integrity plays an important role in the EAB-buckthorn system and may be used to manage the impacts of secondary invasions.

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Secondary invasion un‐undefined: The importance of consistent and clear terminology for classifying unique invasion phenomena

Abstract: Linked Article: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3966

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Patterns of understory invasion in invasive timber stands of a tropical sky island

Patterns of understory invasion in invasive timber stands of a tropical sky island

Patterns of secondary invasion in the understory of exotic, invasive timber stands

Secondary invasion? Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) induced ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality interacts with ecological integrity to facilitate European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)

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