Secondary infection of chylothorax with Serratia marcescens: a rare scenario post-cardiac surgery

Kumaran, Karthik; Ramanan, Sowmya; Dharan, Baiju S.

doi:10.1007/s12055-019-00868-1

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Furthermore, although it has been indicated that the coexistence of empyema and chylothorax is rare because of the bacteriostatic nature of chyle, several reports have described cases of infected chylothorax [ 18 , 19 ]. In such cases, it was speculated that the loss of activated lymphocytes in chyle [ 20 ], hepatic hydrothorax [ 5 ], or concomitant immunosuppressive therapy [ 21 ] caused immunodeficiency. It has been reported that CC increases the risk of secondary immunodeficiency caused by lymphopenia or loss of immunoglobulins and various antibodies which may cause infectious chylothorax [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic Empyema Secondary to Congenital Chylothorax in a 14-Month-Old Boy with Noonan Syndrome

Oikawa

Ota

Iwasawa

et al. 2021

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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Thoracic empyema usually occurs as a complication of bacterial pneumonia, but in rare cases, it is caused by hematogenous dissemination secondary to nonpulmonary diseases. Congenital chylothorax or chylothorax in children is associated with maldevelopment of the lymphatic system, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, several syndromes including Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome, or Turner syndrome, a complication of thoracic surgery, right heart failure with high central venous pressure, or tumors. There are very few reports of empyema associated with preexisting chylothorax. In the present study, we describe a rare case of thoracic empyema associated with congenital chylothorax and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis associated with clinically diagnosed Noonan syndrome. It is necessary to closely monitor patients with chylothorax because they are at risk of developing severe lung infections, such as pleural empyema or lung abscesses.

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