Secondary Dormancy, Growth-Regulator Effects, and Embryo Growth Potential in Curly Dock (<i>Rumex crispus</i>) Seeds

Samimy, Cyrus; Khan, Anwar A.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500068752

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The germination percentage and rate of germination were significantly higher in light than in darkness at all temperatures tested. This agrees with the work done on R. crispus by Samimy and Khan [36] who reported that the seeds failed to germinate in the dark, but germinated readily in light at 15, 20, and 25°C. For R. confertus , light-sensitivity results differed between our study and Jehlik et al [26] who recorded that germination of R. confertus seeds in darkness was slightly slower but finally there was no significant difference between light and dark treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Invasive Rumex confertus in Central Europe

Kołodziejek

Patykowski

2015

The Scientific World Journal

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Rumex confertus is a biennial species native to Eastern Europe and Asia, where it thrives on meadow-steppes and glades in forest-steppe. This species has increased its range rapidly within central Europe, yet its biology is not well understood, which has led to poorly timed management. Effects of temperature, light, sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and polyethylene glycol 6000 on seed germination were examined. Seedling emergence was examined for seeds sown at different depths in sand-filled pots. Seeds of R. confertus were nondormant at maturity. The germination percentage and rate of germination were significantly higher in light than in darkness. Secondary dormancy was induced in these seeds by 12 weeks of dark incubation at 4°C. The seeds of R. confertus undergo a seasonal dormancy cycle with deep dormancy in winter and early spring and a low level of dormancy in early autumn. Germination decreased as soil salinity increased. NO3 − increased the percentage and rate of germination in the studied species. Decrease in seedling emergence from the seeds buried at >0.5 cm may be due to deficiency of light. From our experiments, we conclude that the weed R. confertus normally becomes established in vegetation gaps or due to disturbance of the uppermost soil layer during the growing season through the germination of seeds originating from a long-lived seed bank.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Invasive Rumex confertus in Central Europe

Kołodziejek

Patykowski

2015

The Scientific World Journal

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“…All of our results indicate that to observe the maximum effect, or to accelerate the effect of GA or BA, the presence of exogenous ethylene is required. An additive or synergistic effect of ethylene and gibberellins in breaking seed dormancy was also demonstrated in Rumex crispus (Samimy and Khan 1983), Xanthium strumarium (Esashi et al 1975), and lettuce (Keys et al 1975).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Implication of Ethylene in the Release of Secondary Dormancy in Amaranthus caudatus L. Seeds by Gibberellins or Cytokinin

2006

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Ethephon (Eth), gibberellin A 3 , A 4+7 (GA 3 , GA 4+7 ), and 6-benzyladenine (BA) removed secondary dormancy of Amaranthus caudatus seeds. The GAs and BA potentiated the effect of ethephon or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an ethylene biosynthesis precursor, in terms of the rate or final percent of germination. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an ACC synthase activity inhibitor, was observed to simultaneously inhibit the release from dormancy effected by GA 3 or BA as well as the ethylene production stimulated by these regulators. Breaking of secondary dormancy by GA 3 , GA 4+7 or BA was prevented by 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD), an inhibitor of ethylene binding. Ethylene completely or markedly reversed the inhibitory effect of NBD. We thus conclude that the removal of secondary dormancy in Amaranthus caudatus seeds by gibberellin or benzyladenine involves ethylene biosynthesis and action.

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“…Suggested mechanisms are based on lost sensitivities to phytochrome, growth regulators, and temperature by the skotodormant seeds of various species (2, 1 I, 12,13,22,26,27,32). We suggested that skotodormancy in lettuce seeds is induced during DS treatment by effectively blocking a light-insensitive germination pathway (32).…”

Section: Inductioiz Of Skotodormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acidification, growth promoter, and red light effects on germination of skotodormant lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)

Hsiao¹,

Vidaver²

1984

Can. J. Bot.

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promoter, and red light effects on germination of skotodormant lettuce seeds (Lnctucn snrivn). Can. J. Bot. 62: 1 108-1 1 15. Increasing the period of dark storagc (DS) within a uniform seed lot of lettuce (Lncrucn snrivn L. cv. Grand Rapids) increased the degree of secondary dormancy (skotodormancy) induced, as evidenced by a loss of sensitivity to red light (R) and growth promoters such as gibberellin A, (GA,), kinetin, thiourea, and ethylene. Differential degrees of skotodormancy were induced in lettuce seeds from three different sources (lot I < lot 11 < lot 111). Either R or GA3 significantly increased the germination of skotodormant seeds if seeds were first immersed in strongly acidic solutions (pH 5 3.0) and thcn rinsed with water. Thc critical factor was found to be pH, not ionic strength. Promotion of germination by R or GA, was positively related to increasing acidity, and also to the duration of DS. Sensitivity of the germination rcsponse to acid immersion varicd with the sced lots. as little as 1 s being effective with some seeds. Acid treatment thus cnables skotodormant seeds to recover much of their responsiveness to R and GA,. Extended DS (21 days) produced such pronounced skotodormancy (seed lot 111) that acid immersion followed by usual R and GA, produced only 10% germination. Continuous R or a seed-piercing treatment produced complete germination in otherwise skotodormant seeds. Responsiveness of germination to thiourea, kinetin, and ethylene, however, was not regained by treatment with acid. The action of these three chemicals on skotodormant seeds thus seems to be dependent on an active phytochrome and GA,-sensitive system. Acid-immersion treatments appear primarily to weaken membrane barriers of the endosperm cells, with resulting increased sensitivity of seeds to R treatment and GA, penetration.HSIAO, A. I., W. VIDAVER et W. A. QUICK. 1984. Acidification, growth promotcr, and red light effects on germination of skotodormant lettuce seeds (Lnctucn sativa). Can. J. Bot. 62: 1 108-1 1 15. L'accroissement de la pCriode d'entreposagc a I'obscuritC (DS) d'un lot uniforme de graines de laituc (Lactuca sariva L. cv. Grand Rapids) augmente le degrC de dormance secondaire (scotodormance) induite, ainsi que I'indiquent la perte de sensibilitk i la lumiere rouge (R) et aux substances de croissance telles que la gibbkrelline A, (GA3). la kinktine, la thio-urCe et I'Cthylkne. Des degrCs differents de scotodormance ont Ct C induits chez des graines de laitue de trois sources diffkrentes (lot I < lot I1 < lot 111). La lumiere rouge ou le GA, augmentent significativement la germination des graines scotodormantes si celles-ci sont d'abord immergCes dans une solution trks acide (pH 5 3,0), puis rincCes i I'eau. Le factcur critique est le pH et non la force ionique. La stimulation de la germination par les facteurs R ou GA, est relike positivement au taux d'aciditC ainsi qu'i la durCe de la pCriode DS. La sensibilite de la rCponse germinative i l'immersion dans une solution acide varie selon la source des grai...

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Secondary Dormancy, Growth-Regulator Effects, and Embryo Growth Potential in Curly Dock (Rumex crispus) Seeds

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Invasive Rumex confertus in Central Europe

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Invasive Rumex confertus in Central Europe

Implication of Ethylene in the Release of Secondary Dormancy in Amaranthus caudatus L. Seeds by Gibberellins or Cytokinin

Acidification, growth promoter, and red light effects on germination of skotodormant lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)

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