Secondary dormancy dynamics depends on primary dormancy status in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Auge, Gabriela Alejandra; Blair, Logan; Burghardt, Liana T.; Coughlan, Jenn M.; Edwards, Brianne; Leverett, Lindsay D.; Donohue, Kathleen

doi:10.1017/s0960258514000440

Cited by 41 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…We used three imbibition light treatments -white light (12 h photoperiod), green filter (12 h photoperiod, 'canopy' hereafter) and dark -and two imbibition temperatures -10 and 22 C. Comparisons between the white light and dark treatments test whether light is required for germination, while comparisons between the white light and canopy treatments test for germination responses to a canopy during imbibition. Comparisons between temperatures (10 and 22 C) test whether the effects of genotype, maturation light and imbibition light are more likely to occur when seeds experience temperatures that promote germination (10 C) as opposed to temperatures that are less conducive to germination (Auge et al, 2015;Burghardt et al, 2016).…”

Section: Germination Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds were first after-ripened to allow them to lose primary dormancy, then re-induced into secondary dormancy using hot stratification (Auge et al, 2015). Specifically, seeds were stored dry at room temperature for 6 weeks to allow them to afterripen.…”

Section: Germination Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In species with non-deep physiological dormancy, seeds that lose dormancy during after-ripening may be induced into secondary dormancy if germination requirements are not met, which allows seeds to delay germination until the next favourable season (Bewley and Black, 1994;Baskin and Baskin, 2014;Footitt et al, 2014;Auge et al, 2015). Such additional delays of germination through secondary dormancy induction may further reduce the accuracy with which the maturation environment can predict the seedling environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Leverett

Auge

Bali

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background Seeds adjust their germination based on conditions experienced before and after dispersal. Postdispersal cues are expected to be more accurate predictors of offspring environments, and thus offspring success, than pre-dispersal cues. Therefore, germination responses to conditions experienced during seed maturation may be expected to be superseded by responses to conditions experienced during seed imbibition. In taxa of disturbed habitats, neighbours frequently reduce the performance of germinants. This leads to the hypotheses that a vegetative canopy will reduce germination in such taxa, and that a vegetative canopy experienced during seed imbibition will over-ride germination responses to a canopy experienced during seed maturation, since it is a more proximal cue of immediate competition. These hypotheses were tested here in Arabidopsis thaliana.Methods Seeds were matured under a simulated canopy (green filter) or white light. Fresh (dormant) seeds were imbibed in the dark, white light or canopy at two temperatures (10 or 22 C), and germination proportions were recorded. Germination was also recorded in after-ripened (less dormant) seeds that were induced into secondary dormancy and imbibed in the dark at each temperature, either with or without brief exposure to red and far-red light.Key Results Unexpectedly, a maturation canopy expanded the conditions that elicited germination, even as seeds lost and regained dormancy. In contrast, an imbibition canopy impeded or had no effect on germination. Maturation under a canopy did not modify germination responses to red and far-red light. Seed maturation under a canopy masked genetic variation in germination.Conclusions The results challenge the hypothesis that offspring will respond more strongly to their own environment than to that of their parents. The observed relaxation of germination requirements caused by a maturation canopy could be maladaptive for offspring by disrupting germination responses to light cues after dispersal. Alternatively, reduced germination requirements could be adaptive by allowing seeds to germinate faster and reduce competition in later stages even though competition is not yet present in the seedling environment. The masking of genetic variation by maturation under a canopy, moreover, could impede evolutionary responses to selection on germination.

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Section: Germination Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Germination Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Leverett

Auge

Bali

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

Self Cite

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“…Germination cueing occurs when seeds germinate (or not) in response to cues that indicate conditions are favorable (or not) for establishment (reviewed in Baskin & Baskin, ). Species may use a combination of seed dormancy, which aligns the period during which seeds can germinate with an appropriate season or year, and germination cueing, which provides seeds with finer control of the conditions under which they germinate (Auge et al, ; Baskin & Baskin, ; Burghardt, Edwards, & Donohue, ; Donohue, Rubio de Casas, Burghardt, Kovach, & Willis, ; Footitt, Clay, Dent, & Finch‐Savage, ; Venable & Lawlor, ). If seeds in our model were also able to employ cueing, then the benefits of a high rate of seed dormancy (e.g., a hedge against poor years) may be diminished, in which case a high rate of dormancy would not be as beneficial when the environment varies across years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitation and competition interact with seed dormancy to affect population dynamics in annual plants

Leverett

Shaw

2019

Population Ecology

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Seed dormancy increases population size via bet‐hedging and by limiting negative interactions (e.g., competition) among individuals. On the other hand, individuals also interact positively (e.g., facilitation), and in some systems, facilitation among juveniles precedes competition among adults in the same generation. Nevertheless, studies of the benefits of seed dormancy typically ignore facilitation. Using a population growth model, we ask how the facilitation–competition balance interacts with seed dormancy rate to affect population dynamics in constant and variable environments. Facilitation increases the growth rate and equilibrium size (in both constant and variable environments) and reduces the extinction rate of populations (in a variable environment), and a higher rate of seed dormancy allows populations with facilitation to reach larger sizes. However, the combined benefits of facilitation and a high dormancy rate only occur in large populations. In small populations, weak facilitation does not affect the growth rate, but does induce a weak demographic Allee effect (where population growth decreases with decreasing population size). Our results suggest that facilitation within populations can interact with bet‐hedging traits (such as dormancy) or other traits that mediate density to affect population dynamics. Further, by ensuring survival but limiting reproduction, ontogenetic switches from facilitation to competition may enable populations to persist but limit their maximum size in variable environments. Such intrinsic regulation of populations could then contribute to the maintenance of similar species within communities.

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“…In a different plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, it was shown that the state of primary seed dormancy can affect secondary dormancy induction after harvest (Auge et al, 2015). Because of environmental effects, however, this prediction would be most useful for plants grown under controlled conditions, such as in a greenhouse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of dormancy during seed development of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

et al. 2016

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Seed dormancy is a critical factor in determining seed persistence in the soil and can create oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) volunteer problems in subsequent years. A 3-year field trial in south-west Germany investigated the effects of seed maturity on primary dormancy and disposition to secondary dormancy of ten oilseed rape varieties (lines) in 2009 and 2010, and of five imidazolinone-tolerant varieties (hybrids) in 2014. Fresh seeds were sampled weekly from about 30 d after flowering (DAF) until full maturity and tested for dormancy on the day of seed collection. Primary dormancy decreased from a high level of 70−99% at 30−40 DAF to 0−15% after 7−14 d, coinciding with embryo growth and depending on variety and year. For some oilseed rape varieties, 30−50% primary dormancy was still present in mature seeds. Depending on variety, disposition to secondary dormancy was nearly zero at the early stage of seed development, increased to its highest level during development, and decreased afterwards. Some varieties maintained a high level of secondary dormancy at maturity or during the entire seed development period. The correlation between primary dormancy and secondary dormancy was significantly positive at early seed development (r = 0.95, 50 DAF), but declined in mature seeds. Environmental conditions during ripening are also expected to affect dormancy dynamics. The deeper insights into dormancy formation of oilseed rape provide the possibility to improve harvest time and harvest method, and to better assess the potential for volunteer oilseed rape in following crops.

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Secondary dormancy dynamics depends on primary dormancy status inArabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 41 publications

References 44 publications

Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Facilitation and competition interact with seed dormancy to affect population dynamics in annual plants

Dynamics of dormancy during seed development of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

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