Secondary Cystectomy in Rats

Liang, Daniel S.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)64386-6

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…3 More recent studies in dogs have confirmed these initial observations, 4,5 and similar findings were made in rats, where STC without augmentation showed that bladder capacity (B cap ) returned to approximately half of the original size at 2 weeks postsurgery. 6,7 The capacity for the human bladder to regenerate has also been clearly demonstrated, starting with the work of Sisk and Neu in 1939, showing that organ growth ensued after removal of the entire bladder except 3 cm of the posterior bladder wall. 8 Studies by Bohne and Urwiller in the 1950s and Liang in the 1960s supported the conclusions by Sisk that bladder regeneration can occur in humans without the use of molds or scaffolds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Studies by Bohne and Urwiller in the 1950s and Liang in the 1960s supported the conclusions by Sisk that bladder regeneration can occur in humans without the use of molds or scaffolds. 6,7,9 In this scenario, perhaps it is not surprising that after many years of preclinical work, Atala and colleagues have leveraged the regenerative capacity of the bladder and extended it to the clinic, utilizing a collagen=polyglycolic acid scaffold seeded with autologous cells implanted in patients with myelomeningocele. 10 Despite the unequivocal importance of this seminal clinical study, the implanted neobladders lacked the normal innervation required for micturition and thus provided a neoreservoir, rather than a functional bladder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Stages of In Situ Bladder Regeneration in a Rodent Model

Burmeister

Aboushwareb

Tan

et al. 2010

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Surgical removal of approximately 70% of the bladder (subtotal cystectomy [STC]) was used as a model system to gain insight into the normal regenerative process in adult mammals in vivo. Female F344 rats underwent STC, and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-STC, bladder regeneration was monitored via microcomputed tomography scans, urodynamic (bladder function studies) pharmacologic studies, and immunohistochemistry. Computed tomography imaging revealed a time-dependent increase in bladder size at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-STC, which positively correlated with restoration of bladder function. Bladders emptied completely at all time points studied. The maximal contractile response to pharmacological activation and electrical field stimulation increased over time in isolated tissue strips from regenerating bladders, but remained lower at all time points compared with strips from age-matched control bladders. Immunostaining of the bladder wall of STC rats suggested a role for progenitor cells and cellular proliferation in the regenerative response. Immunostaining and the presence of electrical field stimulation-induced contractile responses verified innervation of the regenerated bladder. These initial studies establish the utility of the present model system for studying de novo tissue regeneration in vivo and may provide guidance with respect to optimization of intrinsic regenerative capacity for clinical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Stages of In Situ Bladder Regeneration in a Rodent Model

Burmeister

Aboushwareb

Tan

et al. 2010

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…The rather remarkable regenerative capacity of the bladder has been recognized in rodents, canines and humans for decades [6], [17], [18], [19], [20]. This insight, coupled with the limitations and complications associated with using intestinal bowel segments has led to pursuit of new treatment options for bladder augmentation and reconstruction, and recently culminated in the development of autologous cell-seeded polymer scaffolds as an alternative to traditional cystoplasty and/or neobladder techniques [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Early Proliferative Response of the Rodent Bladder to Subtotal Cystectomy: A Unique Model of Mammalian Organ Regeneration

et al. 2012

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Subtotal cystectomy (STC; surgical removal of ∼75% of the rat urinary bladder) elicits a robust proliferative response resulting in complete structural and functional bladder regeneration within 8-weeks. The goal of these studies was to characterize the early cellular response that mediates this regenerative phenomenon, which is unique among mammalian organ systems. STC was performed on eighteen 12-week-old female Fischer F344 rats. At 1, 3, 5 and 7-days post-STC, the bladder was harvested 2-hours after intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Fluorescent BrdU labeling was quantified in cells within the urothelium, lamina propria (LP), muscularis propria (MP) and serosa. Cell location was confirmed with fluorescently co-labeled cytokeratin, vimentin or smooth muscle actin (SMA), to identify urothelial, interstitial and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli-1 and bone morphogenic factor-4 (BMP-4) were evaluated with immunochemistry. Three non-operated rats injected with BrdU served as controls. Less than 1% of cells in the bladder wall were labeled with BrdU in control bladders, but this percentage significantly increased by 5-8-fold at all time points post-STC. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the proliferative response were defined by a significantly higher percentage of BrdU-labeled cells within the urothelium at 1-day than in the MP and LP. A time-dependent shift at 3 and 5-days post-STC revealed significantly fewer BrdU-labeled cells in the MP than LP or urothelium. By 7-days the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells was similar among urothelium, LP and MP. STC also caused an increase in immunostaining for Shh, Gli-1 and BMP-4. In summary, the early stages of functional bladder regeneration are characterized by time-dependent changes in the location of the proliferating cell population, and expression of several evolutionarily conserved developmental signaling proteins. This report extends previous observations and further establishes the rodent bladder as an excellent model for studying novel aspects of mammalian organ regeneration.

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“…More recent studies also have confirmed this supposition in dogs, 75,76 and similar observations have been made in rats. 77,78 A significant capacity for bladder regeneration was clearly demonstrated in humans as early as 1939. 79 Other investigators have since confirmed these initial observations in humans.…”

Section: Bladder Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative Medicine

Corona

Ward

Harrison

et al. 2010

Journal of Investigative Medicine

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A recent report demonstrated that a laboratory-grown neobladder tissue could be successfully used for cystoplasty in young patients with myelomeningocele who were otherwise healthy. This remarkable achievement portends well for the application of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine technologies to the treatment of end-organ failure due to a variety of causes (ie, congenital, acquired, age or disease related). Nonetheless, the broader clinical use of these groundbreaking technologies awaits improved understanding of endogenous regenerative mechanisms, more detailed knowledge of the boundary conditions that define the current limits for tissue repair and replacement in vivo, and the parallel development of critical enabling technologies (ie, improved cell source, biomaterials, bioreactors). This brief report will review a number of the most salient features and recent developments in this rapidly advancing area of medical research and detail some of our own experience with bladder and skeletal muscle regeneration and replacement as examples that highlight both the promise and challenges facing regenerative medicine/tissue engineering.

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Secondary Cystectomy in Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Early Stages of In Situ Bladder Regeneration in a Rodent Model

Early Stages of In Situ Bladder Regeneration in a Rodent Model

Characterization of the Early Proliferative Response of the Rodent Bladder to Subtotal Cystectomy: A Unique Model of Mammalian Organ Regeneration

Regenerative Medicine

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