“…To date, secondary-DL research has not followed its elementary counterpart's example of employing a critical race lens for equity questions, even though racism also affects secondary schools' practices, outcomes, and the competition for resources. Racist policies prevent, for example, Latinx and EL adolescents from accessing bilingual schooling, despite the need for academic content in their heritage language (e.g., Combs et al, 2014;Faltis & Ramı ´rez-Marı ´n, 2015). Racist ideologies and practices subject these adolescents to lower tracks, less rigorous teaching, and teachers who devalue their home language(s) and have lower expectations, all of which mediate youths' engagement and success in secondary schools (e.g., Conchas, 2006;Valenzuela, 1999).…”