Secondary attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder due to right basal ganglia injury: A case report

Ceylan, Mehmet Fatih; Akça, Ömer Faruk

doi:10.5835/jecm.omu.30.02.022

jecm

2013

DOI: 10.5835/jecm.omu.30.02.022

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Secondary attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder due to right basal ganglia injury: A case report

Mehmet Fatih Ceylan¹,

Ömer Faruk Akça²

Abstract: Article HistoryAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent and commonly studied neuropsychiatric disorder in children and adolescents. The symptoms of ADHD include inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. Diagnosis of ADHD requires a persistent pattern of symptoms beginning before the age of 7 except for secondary ADHD. Secondary ADHD may occur as a consequence of childhood traumatic brain injury. A patient with secondary ADHD as a result of right basal ganglia injury is presented in… Show more

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2022

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Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Comorbidities: Advanced Models, Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutic Interventions

Golub

Reddy

2022

Pharmacol Rev

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Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most devastating long-term, network consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is currently no approved treatment that can prevent onset of spontaneous seizures associated with brain injury, and many cases of PTE are refractory to antiseizure medications. Post-traumatic epileptogenesis is an enduring process by which a normal brain exhibits hypersynchronous excitability after a head injury incident. Understanding the neural networks and molecular pathologies involved in epileptogenesis are key to preventing its development or modifying disease progression. In this article, we describe a critical appraisal of the current state of PTE research with an emphasis on experimental models, molecular mechanisms of post-traumatic epileptogenesis, potential biomarkers, and the burden of PTE-associated comorbidities. The goal of epilepsy research is to identify new therapeutic strategies that can prevent PTE development or interrupt the epileptogenic process and relieve associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, we also describe current preclinical and clinical data on the treatment of PTE sequelae. Differences in injury patterns, latency period, and biomarkers are outlined in the context of animal model validation, pathophysiology, seizure frequency, and behavior. Improving TBI recovery and preventing seizure onset are complex and challenging tasks; however, much progress has been made within this decade demonstrating disease modifying, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective strategies, suggesting this goal is pragmatic. Our understanding of PTE is continuously evolving, and improved preclinical models allow for accelerated testing of critically needed novel therapeutic interventions in military and civilian persons at high risk for PTE and its devastating comorbidities. Significance Statement Post-traumatic epilepsy is a chronic seizure condition after brain injury. With few models and limited understanding of the underlying progression of epileptogenesis, progress is extremely slow to find a preventative treatment for PTE. This study reviews the current state of modeling, pathology, biomarkers, and potential interventions for PTE and comorbidities. There’s new optimism in finding a drug therapy for preventing PTE in people at risk, such as after traumatic brain injury, concussion, and serious brain injuries, especially in military persons.

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Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Comorbidities: Advanced Models, Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutic Interventions

Golub

Reddy

2022

Pharmacol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Secondary attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder due to right basal ganglia injury: A case report

Cited by 1 publication

References 8 publications

Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Comorbidities: Advanced Models, Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutic Interventions

Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Comorbidities: Advanced Models, Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutic Interventions

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