Secondary analysis of retrospective and prospective reports of adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adulthood: Filtered through recent stressors

Naicker, Sara; Norris, Shane A.; Richter, Linda

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101094

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…For example, incomplete schooling is associated with physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; social isolation is associated with physical abuse; and welfare receipt and HIV infection are associated with sexual abuse. The persistent and independent impact that these abuse-level experiences have on health and wellbeing is supported in previous analysis [17]. Individual household dysfunction adversities also play a role in poor human capital outcomes.…”

Section: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Human Capitalsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Another important limitation in ACEs research is the reliance on retrospective reports [6]. Previous research in longitudinal birth cohorts has demonstrated that prospective and retrospective reports of ACEs show poor agreement [22,23], similar to findings in this cohort [24], and are differentially linked to outcomes [17,23]. Meta-analysis findings conclude that prospective and retrospective measures of ACEs largely identify two different sets of individuals, cautioning that the measures should not be used interchangeably to study pathways of risk and outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Covariates were included in this study based on their significance in the literature to multiple health and wellbeing outcomes [35,36], including in prior work on this cohort [2,17]. The covariates include sex; socio-economic status at participant birth, age 12, and age 22, measured as wealth quintiles derived from a list of assets (e.g., television, fridge, car, phone); maternal age at birth sorted into 4 age categories based on the distribution of maternal age (15-18, 19-24, 25-34, 35-46), and continuous measures of maternal and paternal years of schooling.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a single adversity approach ignores the high probability that adversities co-occur and have an exponential impact. On the other hand, cumulative risk scores assume equal weighting of adversities while a number of studies have shown specific ACEs to be more deleterious than others [17][18][19]. Although there are currently no guidelines on the ACEs scoring in the available literature, some studies point to the 'four or more' cut-off functioning as a threshold level, with noticeable deviations in a range of outcomes at that mark [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objectives of this study are therefore to (a) examine the associations between ACEs and adult human capital, and (b) explore how the measurement of ACEs may vary in relation to these human capital outcomes. Prior research, including studies using this cohort, have highlighted sex differences in the prevalence of ACEs and their associations with outcomes [17,24,[27][28][29][30]. The patterning of ACEs and their links to human capital outcomes will be disaggregated by sex throughout this analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Long-Term Health and Human Capital Consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Birth to Thirty Cohort: Single, Cumulative, and Clustered Adversity

Naicker

Ahun

Besharati

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Human capital—that is the cumulative abilities, education, social skills, and mental and physical health one possesses—is increasingly recognized as key to the reduction of inequality in societies. Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to a range of human capital indicators, with the majority of research in high-income, western settings. This study aims to examine the link between adverse childhood experiences and adult human capital in a South African birth cohort and to test whether associations differ by measurement of adversity. Secondary analysis of data from the Birth to Thirty study was undertaken. Exposure data on adversity was collected prospectively throughout childhood and retrospectively at age 22. Human capital outcomes were collected at age 28. Adversity was measured as single adverse experiences, cumulative adversity, and clustered adversity. All three measurements of adversity were linked to poor human capital outcomes, with risk for poor human capital increasing with the accumulation of adversity. Adversity was clustered by quantity (low versus high) and type (household dysfunction versus abuse). Adversity in childhood was linked to a broad range of negative outcomes in young adulthood regardless of how it was measured. Nevertheless, issues of measurement are important to understand the risk mechanisms that underlie the association between adversity and poor human capital.

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Section: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Human Capitalsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Long-Term Health and Human Capital Consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Birth to Thirty Cohort: Single, Cumulative, and Clustered Adversity

Naicker

Ahun

Besharati

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Disturbances Among Puerto Rican Young Adults

Olsen,

April-Sanders,

Bird

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceSleep quality is a known marker of overall health. Studies suggest that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with sleep disturbances among children and adults.ObjectiveTo examine the association of retrospective and prospective ACEs with sleep quality among a cohort of Puerto Rican young adults from 2 sociocultural contexts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study used data from the Boricua Youth Study (BYS), a population-based study representing Puerto Rican children from the South Bronx, New York, and Puerto Rico conducted from August 2000 to August 2003. Participants who were 5 to 9 years of age at enrollment in the BYS and who participated in wave 4 of the BYS took part in the Health Assessment (HA) when they were 18 to 29 years of age, from April 2013 to August 2017. Of the eligible 982 participants, 813 (82.8%) participated in the HA. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 2023 to January 2024.ExposuresProspective ACEs measured from parent and youth responses and retrospective ACEs measured among young adults using questions from the validated ACE questionnaire from the original ACEs study conducted by Kaiser Permanente and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published in 1998. Analysis included 8 overlapping items from both questionnaires.OutcomesSleep quality was assessed in the HA with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The summary score included 7 components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The hypothesis was formulated after data collection. Sleep quality information was gathered at the same time as retrospective ACEs in the HA.ResultsOf the 813 participants, 438 (53.9%) lived in Puerto Rico as children, 411 (50.6%) identified as female, and the mean (SE) age of participants was 22.9 (0.07) years. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, retrospective ACEs had a significant association with worse sleep outcomes (β [SE] = 0.29 [0.07]; 95% CI, 0.15-0.44; P &lt; .001). Prospective ACEs did not have a significant association with sleep quality, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (β [SE] = 0.05 [0.10]; 95% CI, –0.14 to 0.24; P = .59).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that there is a significant association between retrospective ACEs and sleep quality among Puerto Rican young adults, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Prospective ACEs were not significantly associated with sleep disturbances, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Addressing ACEs reported in young adulthood may help reduce sleep disorders.

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Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Child Maltreatment and Their Association With Psychopathology

Baldwin,

Coleman,

Francis

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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ImportanceProspective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment identify largely different groups of individuals. However, it is unclear if these measures are differentially associated with psychopathology.ObjectiveTo analyze the associations of prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment with psychopathology.Data SourcesBased on a preregistered protocol, Embase, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE were searched for peer-reviewed studies published by January 1, 2023, that measured the associations of prospective and retrospective measures of child maltreatment with psychopathology.Study SelectionTitles and abstracts of all articles captured by the search and full texts of potentially eligible studies were independently screened by 2 authors. Observational studies with measures of the association of prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment with psychopathology were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisMultiple investigators independently extracted data. Multilevel random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the results and test predictors of heterogeneity.Main Outcome and MeasuresAssociations between prospective or retrospective measures of child maltreatment and psychopathology, both unadjusted and adjusted (ie, the association between prospective measures of maltreatment and psychopathology adjusted for retrospective measures, and vice versa), and moderation of these associations by preselected variables.ResultsThe meta-analyses were based on 24 studies including 15 485 individuals (51.0% female; mean age, 21.3 years at retrospective report). Retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment showed stronger associations with psychopathology relative to prospective measures in both unadjusted analyses (retrospective measures: odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95%, 1.94-2.42 vs prospective measures: OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.39-1.76) and adjusted analyses (retrospective measures: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.90-2.42 vs prospective measures: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41). There was no statistically significant moderation of the unadjusted or adjusted associations between prospective measures of child maltreatment and psychopathology. The associations between retrospective measures and psychopathology were stronger when the assessment of psychopathology was based on self-reports and was focused on internalizing or emotional disorders.Conclusions and RelevancePsychopathology is more strongly associated with retrospective measures—which capture the first-person, subjective appraisal of childhood events reflected in memory recall—compared to prospective measures—which essentially capture third-person accounts of such events. Maltreatment-related psychopathology may be driven by subjective interpretations of experiences, distressing memories, and associated schemas, which could be targeted by cognitive interventions.

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Secondary analysis of retrospective and prospective reports of adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adulthood: Filtered through recent stressors

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

The Long-Term Health and Human Capital Consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Birth to Thirty Cohort: Single, Cumulative, and Clustered Adversity

The Long-Term Health and Human Capital Consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Birth to Thirty Cohort: Single, Cumulative, and Clustered Adversity

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Disturbances Among Puerto Rican Young Adults

Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Child Maltreatment and Their Association With Psychopathology

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