Secondary aggregate from waste treated with carbon dioxide

Gunning, Peter; Hills, Colin D.; Antemir, Aurora; Carey, Paula

doi:10.1680/coma.1000011

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It was found that the strength of all the carbonated ash-monoliths examined exceeded the strength criteria given in this standard, being an average of 0.1 MPa. This strength is also that required for 'end of waste' approval for UK commercially available manufactured carbonated aggregate-products, made from CO 2 reactive inorganic wastes 81 .…”

Section: Strength Of Carbonated Monolith Samplesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Valorisation of agricultural biomass-ash with CO2

Hills

Tripathi

Singh

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This work is part of a study of different types of plant-based biomass to elucidate their capacity for valorisation via a managed carbonation step involving gaseous carbon dioxide (co 2). the perspectives for broader biomass waste valorisation was reviewed, followed by a proposed closed-loop process for the valorisation of wood in earlier works. the present work newly focusses on combining agricultural biomass with mineralised co 2. Here, the reactivity of selected agricultural biomass ashes with co 2 and their ability to be bound by mineralised carbonate in a hardened product is examined. three categories of agricultural biomass residues, including shell, fibre and soft peel, were incinerated at 900 ± 25 °C. The biomass ashes were moistened (10% w/w) and moulded into cylindrical samples and exposed to 100% CO 2 gas at 50% RH for 24 h, during which they cemented into hardened monolithic products. the calcia in ashes formed a negative relationship with ash yield and the microstructure of the carbonate-cementing phase was distinct and related to the particular biomass feedstock. this work shows that in common with woody biomass residues, carbonated agricultural biomass ash-based monoliths have potential as novel low-carbon construction products. This paper discusses environmental issues that are of relevance to the sustainable use of resources and protection of the environment. By re-using abundantly available agricultural biomass residues, and by reducing the amount of cement used in construction and their associated carbon emissions, significant potential sustainability gains can be realised. In consideration of this, a low carbon management option for biomass residues is proposed. Agricultural activities generate huge volumes of biomass residues, with crop derived waste accounting for 94% of global biomass production 1. These include cereals (wheat, rice, maize, and barley), sugarcane, soybean, and some oil crops, fruits, vegetables, roots and tubers, and sugar beet 1. These residues are expected to increase as the world's population exceeds 11 Billion by 2,100 2. It is estimated that globally 140 Gt of agricultural residues are generated each year 3,4. According to Lal (2019) 5 , the total annual amount of crop residue produced globally is estimated at 2.8 Gt for cereal crops, 3.1 Gt for 17 major cereals and legumes, and 3.8 Gt for 27 common food crops. The IEA CCC (2015) 6 reports the global resource for unexploited cereal crop residues amounts to 517 Mt. The FAO (2002) 7 projects that from 1999 to 2030, the agricultural sector of developing countries will increase by 13% or 120 M ha. Predictions for global cereal yield suggest an increase in the range 0.9% per annum over the period 2005/2007-2050, continuing a trend of long-term declining yield growth (20 y average yield increase declined from ~ 3% pa in 1982, to ~ 1% by 2005) 8,9. The intensification of agricultural and increased crop yield (producing more per unit of land) will undoubtedly raise crop residue production 10. A positive correlation exists betw...

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Section: Strength Of Carbonated Monolith Samplesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Valorisation of agricultural biomass-ash with CO2

Hills

Tripathi

Singh

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…1b). Furthermore, the strength developed by the use of ash and a carbonation step were comparable to those of low density hydraulically-bound products used in construction applications 40 .…”

Section: Reactivity Of Biomass Ash With Comentioning

confidence: 72%

“…A successful CCU-based treatment of biomass wastes, therefore, has potential to contribute to meeting this demand, especially if the residues can be used to replace carbon intensive materials, such as hydraulic cements (which may contribute 5% of the annual man-made carbon emissions worldwide 40,49 .…”

Section: Discussion: a Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions from biomass waste and mineralised carbon dioxide

Tripathi

Hills

Singh

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The present work investigates biomass wastes and their ashes for re-use in combination with mineralised CO 2 in cement-bound construction products. A range of biomass residues (e.g., woodderived, nut shells, fibres, and fruit peels) sourced in India, Africa and the UK were ashed and exposed to CO 2 gas. These CO 2-reactive ashes could mineralise CO 2 gas and be used to cement 'raw' biomass in solid carbonated monolithic composites. The CO 2 sequestered in ashes (125-414 g CO 2 /kg) and that emitted after incineration (400-500 g CO 2 /kg) was within the same range (w/w). The CO 2-reactive ashes embodied significant amounts of CO 2 (147-424 g equivalent CO 2 /kg ash). Selected ashes were combined with raw biomass and Portland Cement, CEM 1 and exposed to CO 2. The use of CEM 1 in the carbonated products was offset by the CO 2 mineralised (i.e. samples were 'carbon negative', even when 10% w/w CEM 1 was used); furthermore, biomass ashes were a suitable substitute for CEM 1 up to 50% w/w. The approach is conceptually simple, scalable, and can be applicable to a wide range of biomass ashes in a closed 'emission-capture' process 'loop'. An extrapolation of potential for CO 2 offset in Europe provides an estimate of CO 2 sequestration potential to 2030.

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“…Pilot‐scale slurry‐phase carbonation experiments were also performed on Magnesium rich tailings using cement kiln flue gas; the process resulted technically feasible but the transition from the laboratory scale to pilot‐scale required some adjustments . Finally, a successful scale‐up of the wet route process was achieved by Gunning et al , going from pilot‐scale testing in a pelletizing drum operated at ambient temperature and pressure to full‐scale plants treating different types of alkaline residues to produce lightweight aggregates for bound construction applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonation of BOF Slag in a Rotary Kiln Reactor in View of the Scale‐Up of the Wet Route Process

Librandi

Costa

Stendardo

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Carbonation of alkaline residues represents a potentially interesting technique for permanently storing in solid form CO2 contained in flue gas, syngas or biogas, as well as for the valorization of the residues. In particular, the wet carbonation route requires a low amount of water, does not generate wastewater and can be exploited to produce aggregates. The efficacy of this route has been demonstrated at laboratory scale. In view of its scale‐up, this study was aimed at evaluating the performance of a wet‐route carbonation process applied to Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steel slag employing an operating procedure that could be adopted also at demonstrative or full scale. Dry residues were directly fed by a loading hopper into a rotary kiln reactor, in which gas containing 40% CO2 and steam were flown through. During the experiments, the flow and composition of the gas phase were continuously monitored, allowing to calculate the amount of CO2 captured from the gas phase and to compare it with the CO2 uptake of the solid product. In addition, the leaching behavior of the treated slag was assessed. The results of the tests were close to those obtained in previous experiments performed with pre‐humidified BOF slag, both with the same reactor used in this study and at laboratory scale; this suggests that this more automated wet‐route process could be employed for demonstration or full scale tests. The set up still needs to be optimized to obtain a product with physical and technical properties suitable for use as aggregate. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13140, 2019

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Secondary aggregate from waste treated with carbon dioxide

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Valorisation of agricultural biomass-ash with CO2

Valorisation of agricultural biomass-ash with CO2

Offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions from biomass waste and mineralised carbon dioxide

Carbonation of BOF Slag in a Rotary Kiln Reactor in View of the Scale‐Up of the Wet Route Process

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