Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult penile length

Choi, In Ho; Kim, Khae Hawn; Jung, Hae Do; Yoon, Sang Jin; Kim, Soo Woong; Kim, Tae Beom

doi:10.1038/aja.2011.75

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…To minimize measurement errors, the mean values of two digit ratios calculated from the duplicate measurements were used in the present analysis. The intraclass correlation coeffi cient of two repeated measures of the digit ratio by a single investigator was 0.935, which was similar to that reported in previous studies (intraclass correlation coeffi cient = 0.873 -0.969) [ 16,18 ] . This means that direct measurement of the digit ratio using a digital vernier caliper has acceptable repeatability [ 19,20 ] .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Figure 1 illustrates the method for measuring digit length. As described in our previous two studies [ 15,16 ] , before PSA level determination and TRUS, right-hand second and fourth digit lengths were measured by a single investigator using a digital vernier caliper accurate to an accuracy of 0.01 mm, directly on the ventral surface of the fi ngers, from the crease proximal to the palm at the base of each digit to the digit tip [ 17 ] ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment

Kim

et al. 2012

BJU International

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E 8 5 7What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The second to fourth digit ratio (hereafter the digit ratio) of the right hand is related to the activity of the androgen receptor. Five α -reductase inhibitor (5ARI) reduces the prostate volume of patients with BPH. In terms of prostate volume reduction, large-scale placebo-controlled studies show that patients with BPH do not always respond well to 5ARI treatment.Patients with a higher digit ratio respond well to dutasteride treatment compared to those with a lower digit ratio. These results suggest that the digit ratio might be a predictor of the response to dutasteride treatment. OBJECTIVE• To investigate the relationship between second to fourth digit ratio (hereafter the digit ratio) and prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS• A total of 142 men aged ≥ 40 years with a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia and an enlarged prostate (prostate volume ≥ 30 mL) were prospectively enrolled.• Before prostate-specifi c antigen (PSA) level determination and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), the lengths of the second and fourth digits of the right hand were measured by an investigator using a digital vernier calliper.• Using TRUS, pre-and post-treatment prostate volume (PV1 and PV2) were measured by an uroradiologist who was unaware of fi nger lengths. We investigated the change in prostate volume and PSA level at least 6 months after the initiation of dutasteride therapy. RESULTS• When the patients were divided into two groups according to digit ratio (A: digit ratio < 0.95, n = 71; B: digit ratio ≥ 0.95, n = 71), there was a greater reduction in prostate volume in group B compared to group A (PV2 -PV1: − 9.4 mL vs − 13.2 mL, P = 0.042; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /PV1: − 17.5% vs − 24.5%, P = 0.027; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /duration: − 1.1 mL/month vs − 1.6 mL/month, P = 0.041; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /PV1/duration: − 2.0%/ month vs − 3.0%/month, P = 0.016).• Signifi cant negative correlations were found between the digit ratio and reduction rate ( [ PV2 -PV1 ] /duration: r = − 0.165, P = 0.049; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /PV1/duration: r = − 0.191, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS• Patients with higher digit ratios respond well to dutasteride treatment.• The results obtained in the present study suggest that the digit ratio is a predictor of the response to dutasteride treatment. Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment KEYWORDS

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment

Kim

et al. 2012

BJU International

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“…The Homeobox genes, Hoxa and Hoxd, regulate the differentiation of urogenital system, and may have an effect on the prenatal testicular androgen synthesis and digit development (Kondo et al, 1997;Peichel et al, 1997). Moreover, Choi et al (2011) suggested that digit ratio can predict adult penile size and that the effects of prenatal T may in part explain the difference in adult penile length. A high 2D : 4D ratio in right hands of males was associated with germ cell failure due to azoospermia and oligospermia (Manning et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the second‐to‐fourth digit ratios and lifelong premature ejaculation: a prospective, comparative study

et al. 2017

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To investigate the relationship between the fetal androgen exposure and lifelong premature ejaculation by using the ratio of the second (index)-to-fourth (ring) digits (2D : 4D) which is the marker for higher prenatal androgen exposure. Totally 65 patients with lifelong premature ejaculation and 65 control cases without any ejaculatory complaints were enrolled in the study. A detailed medical history was obtained and self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency times were recorded. Ejaculation function was evaluated by Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool. The lengths of the second and fourth digits of both hands were measured and 2D : 4Ds were calculated. The mean 2D : 4D values were 0.964 ± 0.024 vs. 0.978 ± 0.032 (p = 0.004) for the right hand and 0.966 ± 0.023 vs. 0.979 ± 0.032 (p = 0.006) for the left hand in lifelong premature ejaculation and control groups, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between the digit ratios and self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (r = 0.258, p = 0.003 for right hand; r = 0.240, p = 0.06 for left hand), and between the digit ratios and total Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool scores (r = -0.263, p = 0.003 for right hand; r = -0.238, p = 0.06 for left hand). Individuals with lower digit ratios have higher risks of shorter intravaginal ejaculatory latency times. These results suggest that increased fetal androgen exposure may be a new risk factor for the development of lifelong premature ejaculation.

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“…Thus, digit ratio is primarily determined during embryonic development1516 and changes little after sexual maturation 1617. Recently, it has been reported that digit ratio was associated with testosterone levels in infertile men18 and the risk of prostate cancer19 and penile length 2021…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult lung function

et al. 2014

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Sex and sex hormones play a major role in lung physiology. It has been proposed that the ratio of the second to fourth digits (digit ratio) is correlated with fetal sex hormones. We therefore hypothesized that digit ratio might help predict lung function. We investigated the relationship between digit ratio and pulmonary function test (PFT) findings. A total of 245 South Korean patients (162 male, 83 female) aged from 34 to 90 years who were hospitalized for urological surgery were prospectively enrolled. Before administering the PFTs, the lengths of the second and fourth digits of the right hand were measured by a single investigator using a digital Vernier caliper. In males (n = 162), univariate and multivariate analysis using linear regression models showed that digit ratio was a significant predictive factor of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (FVC: r = 0.156, P = 0.047; FEV1: r = 0.160, P = 0.042). In male ever-smokers (n = 69), lung functions (FVC and FEV1) were correlated with smoking exposure rather than digit ratio. In female never-smokers (n = 83), lung functions (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio) were positively correlated with digit ratio on univariate analysis (FEV1: r = 0.242, P = 0.027; FEV1/FVC ratio: r = 0.245, P = 0.026). Patients with lower digit ratios tend to have decreased lung function. These results suggest that digit ratio is a predictor of airway function.

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Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult penile length

Cited by 38 publications

References 59 publications

Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment

Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment

The relationship between the second‐to‐fourth digit ratios and lifelong premature ejaculation: a prospective, comparative study

Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult lung function

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