Second Order Nonlinear Photonic Integrated Platforms for Optical Signal Processing

Chang, Lin; Boes, Andreas; Shu, Haowen; Wang, Xie; Huang, Haijin; Qin, Jun; Shen, Bitao; Mitchell, Arnan; Bowers, John E.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2020.3025219

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In these nonlinear effects, the nonlinear polarization (P (2) ), which is proportional to the product of two optical fields through the second-order nonlinear susceptibility, radiates electric fields at the nonlinear frequency, growing linearly with distance propagation. The second-order nonlinearities are of great importance for nonlinear photonic applications, providing valuable options for optical frequency conversion, to generate new wavelengths and to amplify weak optical signals [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Fundamental Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such nonlinear crystals, there is a stringent compromise between phase-matching bandwidth and total conversion efficiency, which are inversely and directly proportional, respectively, to the material’s thickness. In addition, the limited availability of high-quality non-centrosymmetric crystalline materials in integrated photonic platforms makes second-order nonlinearities less common as compared with third-order ones [ 27 , 28 ]. In Figure 1 , the geometry of interactions and the energy level diagrams of the considered second-order nonlinear phenomena are reported.…”

Section: Fundamental Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics Devices: Nonlinear Effects and Materials

Sirleto

Righini

2023

Micromachines

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The combination of integrated optics technologies with nonlinear photonics, which has led to the growth of nonlinear integrated photonics, has also opened the way to groundbreaking new devices and applications. Here we introduce the main physical processes involved in nonlinear photonics applications, and we discuss the fundaments of this research area, starting from traditional second-order and third-order phenomena and going to ultrafast phenomena. The applications, on the other hand, have been made possible by the availability of suitable materials, with high nonlinear coefficients, and/or by the design of guided-wave structures, which can enhance the material’s nonlinear properties. A summary of the most common nonlinear materials is presented, together with a discussion of the innovative ones. The discussion of fabrication processes and integration platforms is the subject of a companion article, also submitted for publication in this journal. There, several examples of nonlinear photonic integrated devices to be employed in optical communications, all-optical signal processing and computing, or quantum optics are shown, too. We aimed at offering a broad overview, even if, certainly, not exhaustive. We hope that the overall work could provide guidance for those who are newcomers to this field and some hints to the interested researchers for a more detailed investigation of the present and future development of this hot and rapidly growing field.

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Section: Fundamental Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamental Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics Devices: Nonlinear Effects and Materials

Sirleto

Righini

2023

Micromachines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nonlinear optical phenomena and effects have attracted increasing attention for a wide range of applications, including optical information technology [ 1 , 2 ], laser technology [ 3 ], materials science [ 4 , 5 ], and nano-photonic technology [ 6 , 7 ]. In the mid-1980s, two-photon excitation was applied to the conventional optical microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Infrared Light-Excited Quinolinium-Carbazole Small Molecule as Two-Photon Fluorescence Nucleic Acid Probe

Sun,

Wu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Molecules

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This article reports three new two-photon absorption (TPA) materials that are quinolinium-carbazole derivates. They are 3-(N-methyl-4-ethylquinolinium iodide)-9-ethylcarbazole (M4), 3-(N-methyl-4-ethylquinolinium iodide)-9-ethylcarbazole (H2), and 3-(N-methyl-4-ethylquinolinium iodide)-9-ethylcarbazole (H4). Their TPA cross-sections are 491, 515, and 512 GM, respectively. Under the excitation of near-infrared light, their fluorescence emission is about 650 nm. The compounds can stain nucleic acid DNA with the same level of nuclear localization as Hoechst 33342. Under continuous irradiation with a near-infrared laser, the three new compounds showed less fluorescence decay than DAPI, and the average fluorescence decay rates were 0.016%/s, 0.020%/s, and 0.023%/s. They are expected to become new two-photon fluorescent probes of nucleic acid DNA because of their excellent performance.

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“…Widely used functionalities demonstrated in nonlinear photonic circuits (PICs) include wavelength [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] and format conversions [ 36 , 37 ], routing [ 38 , 39 ], phase-sensitive amplification [ 40 ], optical multiplexing and demultiplexing [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], optical memory [ 46 , 47 ], all-optical tunable delay [ 48 , 49 ], and signal regeneration [ 50 , 51 ]. Thus far, most of the existing OSP research has relied on third-order nonlinearities, such as four-wave mixing (FWM), self-phase modulation (SPM), and cross-phase modulation (XPM) [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics: Structures and Devices

Sirleto

Righini

2023

Micromachines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The combination of integrated optics technologies with nonlinear photonics, which has led to growth of nonlinear integrated photonics, has also opened the way to groundbreaking new devices and applications. In a companion paper also submitted for publication in this journal, we introduce the main physical processes involved in nonlinear photonics applications and discuss the fundaments of this research area. The applications, on the other hand, have been made possible by availability of suitable materials with high nonlinear coefficients and/or by design of guided-wave structures that can enhance a material’s nonlinear properties. A summary of the traditional and innovative nonlinear materials is presented there. Here, we discuss the fabrication processes and integration platforms, referring to semiconductors, glasses, lithium niobate, and two-dimensional materials. Various waveguide structures are presented. In addition, we report several examples of nonlinear photonic integrated devices to be employed in optical communications, all-optical signal processing and computing, or in quantum optics. We aimed at offering a broad overview, even if, certainly, not exhaustive. However, we hope that the overall work will provide guidance for newcomers to this field and some hints to interested researchers for more detailed investigation of the present and future development of this hot and rapidly growing field.

show abstract

Second Order Nonlinear Photonic Integrated Platforms for Optical Signal Processing

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics Devices: Nonlinear Effects and Materials

An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics Devices: Nonlinear Effects and Materials

Near-Infrared Light-Excited Quinolinium-Carbazole Small Molecule as Two-Photon Fluorescence Nucleic Acid Probe

An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics: Structures and Devices

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