Second-Layer Induced Island Morphologies in Thin-Film Growth of Fullerenes

Körner, Martin; Loske, Felix; Einax, Mario; Kühnle, Angelika; Reichling, Michael; Maass, Philipp

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.016101

Cited by 46 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Earlier theoretical studies in this area have focused on aspects such as determination of step-edge barriers and potential landscapes (yielding diffusion rates) from DFT, see, e.g., 34,35 . Studies addressing the surface morphology have often been restricted to a coverage of less than one monolayer 36,37 . Note that this contrasts with the situation for atomic systems where growth phenomena for both, monolayers and multilayers have been studied intensely for a wide range of systems [38][39][40] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-resolved dynamics during multilayer growth ofC60

Kleppmann

Klapp

2015

Phys. Rev. B

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Using large-scale kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulations, we investigate the non-equilibrium surface growth of the fullerene C60. Recently, we have presented a self-consistent set of energy barriers that describes the nucleation and multilayer growth of C60 for different temperatures and adsorption rates in quantitative agreement with experiments [Bommel et al., Nat. Comm. 5, 5388 (2014)]. We found that C60 displays lateral diffusion resembling colloidal systems, however it has to overcome an atom-like energetic step-edge barrier for interlayer diffusion. Here, we focus on the particle-resolved dynamics, and the interplay between surface morphology and particle dynamics during growth. Comparing C60 growth with an atom-like system, we find significant differences in the evolution of the surface morphology, as well as the single-particle dynamics on the growing material landscape. By correlating the mean-squared-displacement of particles with their current neighborhood, we can identify the influence of the different time scales that compete during growth and can pinpoint the differences between the two systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-resolved dynamics during multilayer growth ofC60

Kleppmann

Klapp

2015

Phys. Rev. B

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“…13,15) Second, we investigated the molecular structures after sequential deposition of PTCDI followed by C 60 and vice versa. Finally, we investigated the structures obtained when depositing PTCDI and C 60 molecules simultaneously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, no islands were obtained that resemble the morphology obtained after deposition of only C 60 molecules. 13) Apparently, the preexisting PTCDI islands act as nucleation sites for diffusing C 60 molecules and steer the structure formation.…”

Section: Sequential Deposition: Ptcdi Followed By C 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For insulating surfaces, it has been shown that the weak molecule-substrate interaction can result in dewetting of a transient non-equilibrium structure, leading to unusual island morphologies which are not obtained for a ''classical'' self-assembled structure on a metal surface. 12,13) Here, we explore the potential of coadsorption of two molecular species for increasing the structural complexity in molecular self-assembly on an insulating surface, namely CaF 2 (111). We study molecular structures upon sequential deposition of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) and C 60 in dependence on the deposition order as well as upon simultaneous deposition of both molecular species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition Sequence Determines Morphology of C₆₀ and 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide Islands on CaF₂(111)

Loske

Reichling

Kühnle

2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The coadsorption of C 60 and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) molecules on atomically flat terraces of the CaF 2 (111) surface is studied under ultra-high vacuum conditions using non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). Deposition of PTCDI molecules on CaF 2 (111) yields needle-shaped, molecularly well-ordered crystals. Upon following deposition of C 60 molecules, the PTCDI islands are completely covered by C 60 . For the opposite deposition order, the initially grown C 60 islands are not covered by PTCDI molecules, instead, most of the PTCDI molecules condense in pure islands, while only few PTCDI molecules nucleate at the edges of previously grown C 60 islands. Simultaneous deposition of both molecules results in an intermixed phase with yet another island morphology. The observed fundamental differences in island morphology suggest that different dewetting barriers are involved in the formation process. #

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“…[25][26][27] At room temperature (RT), two dimensional C 60 layers have been observed on metals [28][29][30] and semiconductors [31][32][33] while large three dimensional molecular islands or clusters have been revealed on ionic crystals. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Additionally, the controlled manipulation of C 60 molecules has also been demonstrated through the action of a SPM tip as single molecules [40][41][42][43] or as entire islands. 44 In the present work, we characterize the adsorption of the C 60 molecules on the organic lay- 20 The van der Walls diameter of one C 60 molecule is ∼ 1 nm and is close to 2c.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Change of C₆₀ Islands on Organic Crystals Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy

et al. 2016

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Organic-organic heterojunctions are nowadays highly regarded materials for lightemitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic cells with the prospect of designing low-cost, flexible, and efficient electronic devices. 1-3 However, the key parameter of optimized heterojunctions relies on the choice of the molecular compounds as well as on the morphology of the organic-organic interface 4 which thus requires fundamental studies. In this work, we investigated the deposition of C 60 molecules at room temperature on an organic layer compound, the salt bis(benzylammonium)bis(oxalato)-cupurate(II), by means of non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). Threedimensional molecular islands of C 60 having either triangular or hexagonal shapes are formed on the substrate following a "Volmer-Weber" type of growth. We demonstrate the dynamical reshaping of those C 60 nano-structures under the local action of the AFM tip at room temperature. The dissipated energy is about 75 meV and can be interpreted as the activation energy required for this migration process.1

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Second-Layer Induced Island Morphologies in Thin-Film Growth of Fullerenes

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Particle-resolved dynamics during multilayer growth ofC60

Particle-resolved dynamics during multilayer growth ofC60

Deposition Sequence Determines Morphology of C₆₀ and 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide Islands on CaF₂(111)

Morphology Change of C₆₀ Islands on Organic Crystals Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy

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Second-Layer Induced Island Morphologies in Thin-Film Growth of Fullerenes

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Particle-resolved dynamics during multilayer growth ofC60

Particle-resolved dynamics during multilayer growth ofC60

Deposition Sequence Determines Morphology of C60 and 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide Islands on CaF2(111)

Morphology Change of C60 Islands on Organic Crystals Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy

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Deposition Sequence Determines Morphology of C₆₀ and 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide Islands on CaF₂(111)

Morphology Change of C₆₀ Islands on Organic Crystals Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy