Second Impact Syndrome in Sports

Quintana, Leonidas

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.035

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The term SIS was coined by Saunders and Harbaugh in 1984 [ 25 ]. Autopsy of one of the cases revealed extensive cerebral edema, but absence of a space-occupying lesion [ 26 ].…”

Section: Acute Neuropsychiatric Symptoms/syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric aspects of concussion: acute and chronic sequelae

et al. 2017

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Concussion – also known as mild traumatic brain injury – is a transient disturbance of neurological function resulting from traumatic forces imparted to the brain that often produce cognitive, behavioral and systemic symptoms. In this review of the literature, we discuss the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of concussions, followed by a brief overview of evaluation and management of these sequelae.

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“…The term SIS was coined by Saunders and Harbaugh in 1984 [ 25 ]. Autopsy of one of the cases revealed extensive cerebral edema, but absence of a space-occupying lesion [ 26 ].…”

Section: Acute Neuropsychiatric Symptoms/syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric aspects of concussion: acute and chronic sequelae

et al. 2017

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“…The implications of continued play with concussive symptoms have been well documented, with second-impact syndrome and repetitive prolonged concussive effects potentially causing highly morbid and even fatal events. 6 , 8 We suggest that opportunities exist to improve health care access and education in an effort to remedy the poor diagnosis, reporting, and management of high school concussions. We believe that access to care remains the most significant barrier to appropriate head injury evaluation and management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosing and managing concussions is challenging because they present with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms 3 and are often neither recognized by athletes nor observed by coaches or athletic trainers. 2 , 4 Premature return to play can have permanent consequences, 3 , 5 , 6 and even high school–aged athletes can develop chronic traumatic encephalopathy with repetitive injuries. 7 Preventing inappropriate return to play while symptomatic is essential to prevent long-term concussion sequelae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggests that a second impact while an athlete is incompletely recovered from a concussion carries the added risk of increased likelihood of fatal or highly morbid injuries, and that concussive effects may be prolonged when not removed immediately from play, adding further importance to proper clearance before return to play. 6 , 8 From 2005 to 2015, there were a total of 28 traumatic brain and spinal cord injury deaths in high school and college football: 18% were preceded by an earlier concussion. 9 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High School Athletic Directors Report Poor Compliance With Concussion Reporting and Medical Clearance in Massachusetts

Kahan

Salzler

DiCenzo

et al. 2020

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

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Purpose To assess statewide prevalence of medical access, concussion reporting, and concussion clearance rates of high school athletic departments in Massachusetts after the implementation of state-wide concussion legislation. Methods A random sample of 50 athletic directors (ADs) from Massachusetts high schools with an enrollment of >150 students was selected. A 10-minute electronic survey about access to athletic trainers and physicians, and concussion reporting and clearance practices was administered. Responses were anonymous. Results The response rate was 80% (n = 40). In total, 90% of respondents were male. Median age and experience of respondents was 52 years old and 10 years, respectively. The median school size was 637 students, represented from all Massachusetts geographic athletic districts. ADs disclosed that on average, 12% (95% confidence interval 7%-20%) of concussions go unreported at their schools. In total, 16% of respondents reported that at least 1 in 4 of concussed athletes at their school returned to play without appropriate medical clearance, and 5% of ADs reported that not all of their coaches had undergone any form of concussion training. Overall, 55% of high schools do not have access to a full-time athletic trainer and 50% do not have a team physician; 20% have affiliations with an orthopaedic surgeon and 8% with a neurologist. Conclusions Despite new regulations in Massachusetts, high school ADs report concussion reporting and clearance that are less than 100%. Less than one half of all Massachusetts high schools report access to a full-time athletic trainer or formal relationship with a school physician. Clinical Relevance Investigating compliance with Massachusetts school athletics safety regulations could help identify a need for reform of policies designed to help schools keep student athletes safer in situations where a concussion may have occurred.

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“…This will require educating parents, coaches, and physicians that they must actively restrict youth athlete return-to-play until the child has fully recovered, given the increased risk of repeat concussions and the morbidity associated with recurrent head trauma suffered while still symptomatic from an initial concussion. 44…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Attitudes and Knowledge About Youth Sports Participation and Concussion Risk in an Urban Area

Taranto

Fishman

Garvey

et al. 2018

Journal of the National Medical Association

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Background: Every year, millions of children in the United States participate in youth full-contact sports, which carry concussion risks—the long-term sequelae of which are not well understood. We examined the attitudes and knowledge of adults in Chicago about youth sports participation, concussion risk, and whether physicians should counsel against youth participation in full-contact sports. Methods: An anonymous paper survey featuring 13 attitudinal, 13 demographic, and 9 knowledge questions was distributed to a convenience sample of adults > 18 years in hospital waiting areas and four Chicago parks. Participants were asked to hypothetically consider themselves the parent of a 10-year-old child regarding attitudes towards full-contact sports participation. Results: Between June 13 and July 27, 2016, 1091 partial or complete valid surveys were collected. Almost half (46%) of respondents would not allow a hypothetical 10-year-old son to play tackle football. The majority (74%) of respondents agreed that it was appropriate for physicians to counsel against youth participation in full-contact sports. Respondents obtained information about concussions from, on average, 2–3 sources, although only 34% received information from physicians. Respondents demonstrated a high concussion knowledge level (average: 6.75 of 9 questions). However, only 39% of respondents correctly answered that the following statement was false: “After a mild concussion, ther e are usually visible changes on medical imaging”. Conclusions: Overall, respondents are well-informed about concussions. They are divided about the participation of youth in full-contact sports and are amenable to physician counseling against youth participation in full-contact sports.

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Second Impact Syndrome in Sports

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Neuropsychiatric aspects of concussion: acute and chronic sequelae

Neuropsychiatric aspects of concussion: acute and chronic sequelae

High School Athletic Directors Report Poor Compliance With Concussion Reporting and Medical Clearance in Massachusetts

Public Attitudes and Knowledge About Youth Sports Participation and Concussion Risk in an Urban Area

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