Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory birds: Probabilistic characterisation of toxic liver concentrations and implications for predatory bird populations in Canada

Thomas, Philippe J.; Mineau, Pierre; Shore, Richard F.; Champoux, Louise; Martin, Pamela A.; Wilson, Laurie; Fitzgérald, Guy; Elliott, John E.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.010

Cited by 173 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The rate of exposure of non-target species has often been evaluated, and summed liver concentrations above a limit of 0.2 mg/kg associated with clinical signs (i.e. macroscopic haemorrhages with no trauma) have been statistically characterised as representative of a high-risk toxic threshold [84]. According to these criteria, hepatic concentrations above 0.2 mg/kg have been associated with mortalities in raptors and small mustelids from Denmark [85], in raptors and hedgehogs from Mediterranean region of Spain [86], in six raptor species from Canary Islands, Spain [77].…”

Section: Wildlife Exposures and Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Humans and Animals: Causes and Consequences

Lefebvre¹,

Fourel²,

Queffélec³

et al. 2017

Poisoning - From Specific Toxic Agents to Novel Rapid and Simplified Techniques for Analysis

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Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are a keystone of the management of rodent populations in the world. The widespread use of these molecules raises questions on exposure and intoxication risks, which deine the safety of these products. Exposures and intoxications can afect humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Consequences are diferent for each group, from the simple issue of intoxication in humans to public health concern if farm animals are exposed. After a rapid presentation of the mechanism of action and the use of anticoagulant rodenticides, this chapter assesses the prominence of poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides in humans, domestic animals and wildlife.

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Section: Wildlife Exposures and Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Humans and Animals: Causes and Consequences

Lefebvre¹,

Fourel²,

Queffélec³

et al. 2017

Poisoning - From Specific Toxic Agents to Novel Rapid and Simplified Techniques for Analysis

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“…Beside these low occurrences, it is important to consider that several recent specific studies found high exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides in liver tissues of the raptor species (Thomas et al 2011;Christensen et al 2012;Coeurdassier et al 2012;Hughes et al 2013). Moreover, we need to acknowledge our limits in correctly identifying the poisoning and debilitation cases, not having performed toxicological tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shooting is still a main threat for raptors inhabiting urban and suburban areas of Rome, Italy

Cianchetti-Benedetti

Manzia

Fraticelli

et al. 2016

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Assessing threats and causes of mortality is crucial for understanding the factors driving population dynamics and planning effective conservation actions. Investigating the causes for admission into wildlife rehabilitation centres can contribute to assessing the main threats affecting animal populations inhabiting urban and suburban habitats. After analysing 2367 raptors belonging to 28 species admitted at the LIPU/Bioparco wildlife rehabilitation centre of Rome during 12 years (2000-2011), we found that collisions with man-made structures were the most frequent cause for admission, with shooting the second most frequent cause of admission. However, for Falconiformes, excluding kestrels, shooting was the most common cause for admission (52% of all admissions). Comparing urban with suburban landscapes, we found that the occurrence of birds admitted with evidence of gunshot wounds was higher in the suburban landscape for both Strigiformes and Falconiformes. Considering only the 17 species listed in Annex I to Bird Directive 147/2009/EC, shooting was the most frequent cause of admission and accounted for more than 40% of cases. The high frequency of admissions of raptors due to shooting in urban and suburban Rome shows that persecution of raptors is not restricted to rural areas of Italy.

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“…Furthermore, the use of second generation AR in agricultural settings without human dwellings is not legally permitted and private timberlands like GDRC where samples were collected, cannot legally use any types of second generation ARs. Other studies have documented BO exposed to ARs; however, most of these studies were focused in their eastern range and within moderate to intensive urban agricultural settings (Albert et al 2010, Murray 2011, Thomas et al 2011). For example, Albert et al (2010) documented that of the 92% of exposed BO, the majority of them were submitted from high agricultural use areas, e.g., poultry farms, where significant amounts of AR were likely used to deter infrastructure damage caused by rodent pests in these settings.…”

Section: Exposure To Armentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some published accounts have demonstrated sublethal AR exposure either decreases fitness or increases mortality from what would normally be considered a benign injury (Stone et al 1999, Eason et al 2002, Erickson and Urban 2004, Thomas et al 2011). These include, reduced clutch size, brood size, fledging success, slower clotting time, and AR residual transfer to eggs (Erickson and Urban 2004, Rattner et al 2012, Salim et al 2014).…”

Section: Sublethal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to rodenticides in Northern Spotted and Barred Owls on remote forest lands in northwestern California: evidence of food web contamination

Gabriel¹,

Diller²,

Dumbacher³

et al. 2018

ACE

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ABSTRACT. The documentation of anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) in nontarget species has centered around wildlife that inhabit urban or agricultural settings. However, recent studies in California have shown that AR use in remote forest settings has escalated and has exposed and killed forest carnivores. Anticoagulant rodenticides have been documented as physiological stressors for avian species. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) critical and occupied habitat overlaps the areas where these studies occurred, yet no data were previously available to demonstrate whether this species was similarly affected. We investigated whether avian predators are also exposed to these specific pesticides and whether Barred Owls (Strix varia) may be a surrogate to indicate exposure rates in Northern Spotted Owls. We documented that 70% of Northern Spotted Owls and 40% of Barred Owls were exposed to one or more anticoagulant rodenticides. None of the rodent prey species sampled within the study area were positive for ARs. There were no spatial clusters for either low or high rates of exposure, though we detected low temporal trend early on throughout the study area. We hypothesize a recent change in land-use toward marijuana cultivation may have led to the increased use of AR in this area. This study demonstrates environmental contamination within occupied Northern Spotted Owl habitat and that Barred Owls can be used as adequate surrogates for detecting these pollutants in a rare species such as the Northern Spotted Owl. Furthermore, additional studies should focus on whether these pesticides are also affecting prey availability for these forest avian species.Exposition aux rodenticides chez les Chouettes tachetée du Nord et rayée dans les terres forestières éloignées du nord-ouest de la Californie : indice de contamination du réseau alimentaire RÉSUMÉ. Les cas d'exposition à des rodenticides anticoagulants (RA) chez les espèces non ciblées ont surtout été documentés pour la faune habitant les milieux urbains ou agricoles. Toutefois, de récentes études en Californie ont montré que l'utilisation de RA dans les environnements forestiers éloignés a grimpé, et des carnivores forestiers y ont été exposés et en sont morts. On a aussi documenté que les RA sont des facteurs de stress physiologique pour les espèces aviaires. L'habitat critique occupé par la Chouette tachetée du Nord (Strix occidentalis caurina) chevauche les endroits où ces études ont eu lieu, mais aucune donnée n'était auparavant disponible pour déterminer si cette espèce était aussi touchée. Nous avons examiné la possibilité que les prédateurs aviaires soient aussi exposés à ces pesticides spécifiques, et si les Chouettes rayées (Strix varia) pouvaient servir d'indicateur pour les taux d'exposition des Chouettes tachetées du Nord. Nous avons quantifié que 70 % des Chouettes tachetées du Nord et 40 % des Chouettes rayées étaient exposées à au moins un RA. Aucune des espèces proies de rongeurs échantillonnées dans notre aire d'étude ne se sont révélées posit...

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Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory birds: Probabilistic characterisation of toxic liver concentrations and implications for predatory bird populations in Canada

Cited by 173 publications

References 16 publications

Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Humans and Animals: Causes and Consequences

Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Humans and Animals: Causes and Consequences

Shooting is still a main threat for raptors inhabiting urban and suburban areas of Rome, Italy

Exposure to rodenticides in Northern Spotted and Barred Owls on remote forest lands in northwestern California: evidence of food web contamination

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