Second Digit Length, Fourth Digit Length and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D): Relevance in the Choice of Female Footballer Athletes and Female Non-Footballer Athletes in Nigeria

Abstract

Several studies have shown the importance of anthropometric measurements as a veritable tool in forensic science, crime detection, as well as a means of studying variations in human populations. The present study focused on using digit lengths and ratio to determine sports skills. A total of 270 female subjects comprising of sports and non-sports participants were measured. Seventy of which were non-footballer athletes, 100 were footballer athletes, and 100 were nonsports participants. The second and fourth digits of their right and left hands were measured using a digital vernier caliper. The data obtained from the participants were analyzed by SPSS. Subjects who participated in football also possessed athletic skills, hence both have similar traits. This study has shown that athletic and football skills are similar, as the values obtained from the above parameters were not significant at p<0.05. The results showed that digit ratio is not a good tool for determining sport skills, as compared to digit lengths (2D and 4D). No difference was observed between the digit ratio of the sports participants and those of non-sports participants. Digit lengths (2D and 4D) were found to be significant determinants of sports, with sports groups showing significantly shorter digits. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest an association between digit lengths and sporting abilities.KEY WORDS: Football; Female footballer athletes; Female non-footballer athletes; Second to fourth digit ratio and Nigeria.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) With Cerebral Lateralization and Grip Strength in Elite Swimmers

“…The fourth digit is the ring finger of the human hand and the second most ulnar finger located between the middle finger and the little finger. The second digit is the index finger, which is the first finger and the second digit of the human hand (Oladipo et al 2017). Manning et al (1998) have suggested that the ratio between the lengths of the 2nd (index) and 4th (ring) fingers (the 2D:4D ratio), a sexually dimorphic trait with lower mean 2D:4D in males compared to females, is negatively related to prenatal testosterone and positively related to estrogen (Manning et al 1998).…”

Individualization of selection and training of female athletes in speed-power athletics from the perspective of gender identity

“…Interestingly, the methodology of "2D: 4D" was also used by other specialists [46,[48][49][50][51][52]. Kamińska and Szymańska-Parkieta [53] studied a large group of schoolgirls of 13 years old and found that in physically more developed girls, the proportions of the fingers were close to male.…”