Second and Third Order Ionospheric Effects on GNSS Positioning: A Case Study in Brazil

Marques, Haroldo Antonio; Monico, J. F. Galera; Rosa, G. P. S.; Chuerubim, Maria Lígia; Aquino, Márcio

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_76

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The range errors in the GPS observables due to Ion2 and Ion3 (on GPS L1 and L2 frequencies) were estimated and corrected using the software tool RINEX HO (Marques et al, 2011), developed at the Sao Paulo State University in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. The program requires as input the observation and navigation files (in the receiver independent exchange, RINEX, format), and GIM files or DCB information (according to the user's choice of the method for TEC calculation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2). These two methods show comparable accuracy (2-8 TECU) in the estimated STEC values (Marques et al, 2007). For the former method, VTEC from GIMs is converted into STEC using a mapping function, considering the IPP, given by the intersection of the receiver satellite path with the ionosphere assumed as a single thin shell at an altitude of 450 km (same value as taken in RINEX HO) according to the receiver- satellite LoS geometry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Although STEC can be estimated with a comparable accuracy using either GIMs or PRs (Marques et al, 2007), the non-availability of the DCB values at some instances hinders estimation of STEC from PRs. Therefore STEC is obtained from GIMs in RINEX HO in this work.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…geomagnetic storms), as well as the years of 2001 and 2003, this time including the impact of geomagnetic disturbances. The program RINEX HO (Marques et al, 2011) was used to calculate the magnitudes of Ion2 and Ion3 on the range measurements as well as the total electron content (TEC) observed on each receiver-satellite link. The program also corrects the GPS observation files for Ion2 and Ion3; thereafter it is possible to perform PPP with both the original and corrected GPS observation files to analyze the impact of the higher order ionospheric error terms excluding the ray bending effect which may become significant especially at low elevation angles (Ioannides andZ.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Higher order ionospheric effects in GNSS positioning in the European region

et al. 2011

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Abstract. After removal of the Selective Availability in 2000, the ionosphere became the dominant error source for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), especially for the high-accuracy (cm-mm) demanding applications like the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning.The common practice of eliminating the ionospheric error, e.g. by the ionosphere free (IF) observable, which is a linear combination of observables on two frequencies such as GPS L1 and L2, accounts for about 99 % of the total ionospheric effect, known as the first order ionospheric effect (Ion1). The remaining 1 % residual range errors (RREs) in the IF observable are due to the higher -second and third, order ionospheric effects, Ion2 and Ion3, respectively. Both terms are related with the electron content along the signal path; moreover Ion2 term is associated with the influence of the geomagnetic field on the ionospheric refractive index and Ion3 with the ray bending effect of the ionosphere, which can cause significant deviation in the ray trajectory (due to strong electron density gradients in the ionosphere) such that the error contribution of Ion3 can exceed that of Ion2 (Kim and Tinin, 2007).The higher order error terms do not cancel out in the (first order) ionospherically corrected observable and as such, when not accounted for, they can degrade the accuracy of GNSS positioning, depending on the level of the solar activity and geomagnetic and ionospheric conditions (Hoque and Jakowski, 2007). Simulation results from early 1990s show that Ion2 and Ion3 would contribute to the ionospheric error budget by less than 1 % of the Ion1 term at GPS frequencies (Datta-Barua et al., 2008). Although the IF observable may provide sufficient accuracy for most GNSS applications, Correspondence to: Z. G. Elmas (isxzge1@nottingham.ac.uk) Ion2 and Ion3 need to be considered for higher accuracy demanding applications especially at times of higher solar activity.This paper investigates the higher order ionospheric effects (Ion2 and Ion3, however excluding the ray bending effects associated with Ion3) in the European region in the GNSS positioning considering the precise point positioning (PPP) method. For this purpose observations from four European stations were considered. These observations were taken in four time intervals corresponding to various geophysical con- (Marques et al., 2011) was used to calculate the magnitudes of Ion2 and Ion3 on the range measurements as well as the total electron content (TEC) observed on each receiver-satellite link. The program also corrects the GPS observation files for Ion2 and Ion3; thereafter it is possible to perform PPP with both the original and corrected GPS observation files to analyze the impact of the higher order ionospheric error terms excluding the ray bending effect which may become significant especially at low elevation angles (Ioannides and Strangeways, 2002) on the estimated station coordinates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher order ionospheric effects in GNSS positioning in the European region

et al. 2011

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“…With this software package observed signals processed using the IF -combination of L1 and L2 signals. But notwithstanding, that the first-order of ionospheric effect corrects with IF -combination, there are residual ionospheric delay errors which are caused by the second-and third-order of ionospheric effect (Marques et al, 2012). Thus, for improving the positioning accuracy, it is necessary to exclude the higher-orders ionospheric effects on multi-GNSS observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Baltic Surveying

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The journal includes original articles on land administration, land management, real property cadastre, land use, rural development, geodesy and cartography, remote sensing, geoinformatics, other related fields, as well as education in land management and geodesy throughout the Baltic countries, Western and Eastern Europe and elsewhere. The journal is the first one in the Baltic countries dealing with the mentioned issues. Journal disseminates the latest scientific findings, theoretical and experimental research and is extremely useful for young scientists. Scientific journal BALTIC SURVEYING contains peer-review articles. International reviewing of articles is provided by Editorial Committee. For academic quality each article is anonymously reviewed by two independent anonymous academic reviewers having Doctors of science degree. Names of reviewers are published in the reviewer's list. Articles have passed cross-ref test as well. Each author himself is responsible for high quality and correct information of his/ her article. Editorial Committee makes the final decision on the acceptance for publication of articles.

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