Sebum output as a factor contributing to the size of facial pores

Roh, Mi Ryung; Han, Man Jung; Kim, D.; Chung, Kee Yang

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07465.x

Cited by 112 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Caucasian men have been reported to have an average of 3 mg of sebum per square centimeter of skin surface (with large inter-individual variability), whereas Caucasian women have 0.7 mg/cm 2 [10]. A Korean study with 30 males and 30 females found a striking positive correlation between male sex, pore size and sebum excretion [11].…”

Section: Sebummentioning

confidence: 97%

Gender-linked differences in human skin

Giacomoni

Mammone

Teri

2009

Journal of Dermatological Science

230

185

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Section: Sebummentioning

confidence: 97%

Gender-linked differences in human skin

Giacomoni

Mammone

Teri

2009

Journal of Dermatological Science

230

185

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“…Several studies showed a correlation between facial pores and increased sebum secretion [30, 31]. Furthermore, intradermal botulinum toxin injection was reported to be helpful in the decrease in sebum production and pore size [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-Term Moisturizer Application in Different Ethnic Skin Types: Noninvasive Assessment with Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

Bağcı¹,

Ruini²,

Niesert³

et al. 2018

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Aims: Ethnic skin types are known to differ in their morphological and physiological features. Thus, treatment responses may vary among different races. We aimed to assess skin morphology of different ethnicities and to compare the effect of short-term moisturizer application using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Methods: Thirty healthy female subjects of European, Asian and Black ethnicity at 30–45 years of age were included in the study. OCT and RCM imaging was performed on the cheek to compare morphology. Following the 2-week application of a moisturizer cream (Sebamed® lotion) on one forearm, imaging was performed on both forearms to assess and compare treatment responses. Results: Epidermal thickness and morphology of pores varied between the three ethnic groups, with Black subjects displaying the thickest epidermis and largest skin pores. On the treated forearm, OCT measurements revealed a significantly thicker epidermis in all groups as compared to the untreated forearm. Width of skin folds on the treated forearm was measured by RCM to be significantly lower in all ethnic groups as compared to the untreated forearm. Conclusion: Different ethnic skin types showed variations in skin morphology and treatment response to short-term moisturizer application. OCT and RCM were useful methods for noninvasive, real-time, repeated assessment of ethnic skin.

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“…The follicular pore is the conspicuous, enlarged funnel-shaped opening of a sebum follicle [58], and its diameter increases with age as a consequence of a high sebum production [59] and fluctuates within the phase of the menstrual cycle [60]. Skin with enlarged pores has a poor skin barrier function [60], more immature parakeratotic corneocytes and sebum richer in unsaturated free fatty acids [49].…”

Section: Chin Acnementioning

confidence: 99%

Expert opinion and review article: The timing of comedone extraction in the treatment of premenstrual acne – a proposed therapeutic approach

Steventon¹

2010

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Synopsis The face is the most exposed part of our body, and deterioration of facial appearance, through disease or ageing, causes psychological distress. Acne lesions and subsequent pigmentation changes contribute to the unevenness of skin colour that is detrimental to facial attractiveness and leads to rejection and stigmatization in our society. The purpose of this review is to look at the root causes of premenstrual acne and, for the first time ever, propose that the specific timing of treatment can, at least in part, resolve the acne lesions. We postulate that it is the timing of the manual extraction that matters in resolving premenstrual acne and that the effectiveness of this therapy could be improved. Based on the reviewed evidence, we propose that it is important to remove the comedones at the time of ovulation, prior to the reduction of the size of the sebaceous orifice and epidermal barrier function, to counteract the onset of increased sebum production, prevent blockage of the pores and subsequent bacterial colonization and inflammation. If performed successfully, the extraction may contribute to a reduction in inflamed acne lesions and thus benefit women by increasing their facial attractiveness, well‐being, social function and thereby decrease psychological stress.

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Sebum output as a factor contributing to the size of facial pores

Abstract: Enlarged pore sizes are associated with increased sebum output level, age and male sex. In female patients, additional hormonal factors, such as those of the menstrual cycle, affect the pore size.

Cited by 112 publications

References 17 publications

Gender-linked differences in human skin

Gender-linked differences in human skin

Effects of Short-Term Moisturizer Application in Different Ethnic Skin Types: Noninvasive Assessment with Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

Expert opinion and review article: The timing of comedone extraction in the treatment of premenstrual acne – a proposed therapeutic approach

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