Sebelasmaret Boccia Throw Test (SBTT) Instrument Development

Abstract

This research aims to design Sebelasmaret boccia Throw Test (SBTT) instrument and test its validity and reliability. The research used Research and Development (R&D) method through six steps of instrument development by Gall, Gall, & Borg. 50 Indonesian boccia athletes with cerebral palsy (25 elite and 25 non-elite) participated to evaluate this instrument.In SBTT, players were instructed to throw boccia balls to the jack placed within the square, with each player given six throwing opportunities. The validity construct was tested by comparing throwing test results of elite and non-elite boccia athletes. Reliability testing was conducted by testing correlation between tests and retests. Data analysis was performed using the independent t test and Pearson correlation with the help of SPSS 16 software.Results show that there was a significant difference in SBTT test scores with p value < 0.05 and tstat (6.340) > ttable (2.011). Elite player group had higher average test score than non-elite player one, with average score of 18.56 and 8.20 respectively. This means that the SBTT is a test that can differentiate a boccia player's throwing skills based on playing experience.Test and retest results show a medium correlation on tests and retests (r = 0.707) with significant relation with p value (0.000) < 0.05. This means that boccia players have consistent performance in the SBTT test.Therefore, it is concluded that SBTT instrument is a valid and reliable instrument to assess boccia players’ throwing skills.