Sebaceous Lipids

Pappas, Apostolos

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09943-9_9

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Squalene variability is quite significant among all subjects as well. The levels of squalene vary with age, because natural production by cells slows down starting at 30 years of age, skin conditions, such as acne, and also its possible presence as a moisturizer in some personal care products …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Assessment For Air-To-Skin Uptake of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Indoors

Garrido

Parthasarathy

Moschet

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment and a priority for exposure assessment because of the environmental health concerns that they pose. Direct airto-skin dermal uptake has been shown to be comparable to the inhalation intake for compounds with certain chemical properties. In this study, we aim to further understand the transport of these types of chemicals through the skin, specifically through the stratum corneum (SC). Our assessment is based on collecting three sequential forehead skin wipes, each hypothesised to remove pollutants from successively deeper skin layers, and using these wipe analyses to determine the skin concentration profiles. The removal of SVOCs with repeated wipes reveals the concentration profiles with depth and provides a way to characterize penetration efficiency and potential transfer to blood circulation. We used a diffusion model applied to surface skin to simulate concentration profiles of SVOCs and compared them with the measured values. We found that two phthalates, dimethyl and diethyl phthalates, penetrate deeper into skin with similar exposure compared to other phthalates and targeted SVOCs-an observation supported by the model results as well. We also report the presence of statistically significant declining patterns with skin depth for most SVOCs, indicating that their diffusion through the SC is relevant and eventually can reach the blood vessels in the vascularized dermis. Finally, using a non-target approach, we identified skin oxidation products, linked to respiratory irritation symptoms, formed from the reaction between ozone and squalene.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Assessment For Air-To-Skin Uptake of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Indoors

Garrido

Parthasarathy

Moschet

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The triacylglycerols found in mammalian sebum thus do not appear to have antifungal properties as well. Mammalian sebum is on average 45% triacylglycerols, 23–29% wax esters, 10–14% squalene, 10% cholesterol esters, 4% FFAs, and 2% diacylglycerols [ 29 ]. Bat sebum is also about 10% 1-monoacylglycerols [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antifungal Properties of Epidermal Fatty Acid Esters: Insights from White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) in Bats

et al. 2018

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Numerous free fatty acids (FFAs) are known to have potent antifungal effects. The mammalian epidermis contains both FFAs and multiple classes of fatty acid esters, including 1-monoacylglycerols and wax esters. We thus hypothesized that wax esters and 1-monoacylglycerols composed of antifungal fatty acids would also have antifungal properties. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of 1-monoacylglycerols, 1,3-diacylglycerols, and wax esters on the growth of Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the fungus that causes White-nose Syndrome (WNS) in North American bats by invading their epidermis. Laboratory experiments with Pd cultures demonstrated that: (a) three 1-monoacylglycerols (1-monopalmitolein, 1-monoolein, and 1-monolinolein), as well as, (b) two wax esters, behenyl oleate and behenyl palmitoleate, profoundly inhibit Pd growth. The normal growth cycle of Pd was interrupted by addition of two cholesterol esters to the media as well. A bat species resistant to cutaneous Pd infections has these 1-monoacylglycerols in the epidermis, and another Pd resistant bat species has these wax esters in the sebum, thus cutaneous lipid composition is one factor which enables some bats to avoid WNS. Our experiments also revealed that the fatty acid esters which inhibit Pd growth are not hydrolyzed by the lipases secreted by this fungus, whereas the esters that do not inhibit Pd growth are hydrolyzed.

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“…SCD1 inactivation leads to the atrophy of sebocytes, cells that form sebaceous glands that produce sebum [173,174]. This mixture of FFAs, TAGs, wax esters, ceramides, and cholesterol is secreted onto the skin as a protective barrier against heat loss and as the eye and eyelid lubricant [175,176]. SCD1 is required for sebum production.…”

Section: Perspectives Of Scd1 Inhibitors In Anticancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancer

Tracz-Gaszewska

Dobrzyń

2019

Cancers

168

149

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A distinctive feature of cancer cells of various origins involves alterations of the composition of lipids, with significant enrichment in monounsaturated fatty acids. These molecules, in addition to being structural components of newly formed cell membranes of intensely proliferating cancer cells, support tumorigenic signaling. An increase in the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to ∆9-monounsaturated fatty acids, has been observed in a wide range of cancer cells, and this increase is correlated with cancer aggressiveness and poor outcomes for patients. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of SCD1 in the promotion of cancer cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and tumor growth. Many studies have reported a role for this lipogenic factor in maintaining the characteristics of cancer stem cells (i.e., the population of cells that contributes to cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy). Importantly, both the products of SCD1 activity and its direct impact on tumorigenic pathways have been demonstrated. Based on these findings, SCD1 appears to be a significant player in the development of malignant disease and may be a promising target for anticancer therapy. Numerous chemical compounds that exert inhibitory effects on SCD1 have been developed and preclinically tested. The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the ways in which SCD1 contributes to the progression of cancer and discusses opportunities and challenges of using SCD1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

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Sebaceous Lipids

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Exposure Assessment For Air-To-Skin Uptake of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Indoors

Exposure Assessment For Air-To-Skin Uptake of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Indoors

The Antifungal Properties of Epidermal Fatty Acid Esters: Insights from White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) in Bats

Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancer

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