Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Kurihara, Masaru

doi:10.3390/membranes11040243

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…According to data provided by the Directorate-General for Industry (DGIE) it is obtained that the average specific energy consumption is at 4.89 kWh/m 3 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global Footprint Network’s National Footprint Accounts, supported and used by more than 70 major organizations worldwide, contain the most widely used national accounting methodology today. The National Footprint Accounts calculations are undergoing continuous improvement as better data becomes available and new methodologies are developed [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the Ecological Footprint and Carbon Footprint in a Reverse Osmosis Sea Water Desalination Plant

2021

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The water situation in the Canary Islands has been a historical problem that has been sought to be solved in various ways. After years of work, efforts have focused on desalination of seawater to provide safe water mainly to citizens, agriculture, and tourism. Due to the high demand in the Islands, the Canary Islands was a pioneering place in the world in desalination issues, allowing the improvement of the techniques and materials used. There are a wide variety of technologies for desalination water, but nowadays the most used is reverse osmosis. Desalination has a negative part, the energy costs of producing desalinated water are high. To this we add the peculiarities of the electricity generation system in the Canary Islands, which generates more emissions per unit of energy produced compared to the peninsular generation system. In this study we have selected a desalination plant located on the island of Tenerife, specifically in the municipality of Granadilla de Abona, and once its technical characteristics have been known, the ecological footprint has been calculated. To do this we have had to perform some calculations such as the capacity to fix carbon dioxide per hectare in the Canary Islands, as well as the total calculation of the emissions produced in the generation of energy to feed the desalination plant.

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“…According to data provided by the Directorate-General for Industry (DGIE) it is obtained that the average specific energy consumption is at 4.89 kWh/m 3 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Ecological Footprint and Carbon Footprint in a Reverse Osmosis Sea Water Desalination Plant

2021

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“…Reverse osmosis (RO) filtration systems are widely applied in seawater desalination [1][2][3][4][5], landfill leachate treatment [6,7], and wastewater reclamation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Typically, RO performs one of the final stages of water treatment and is designed to remove ions or soluble substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational models [ 5 , 25 , 42 , 43 ] represent an attractive alternative to more expensive experimentation as they allow one to virtually span the entire design space at a fraction of the cost; however, foulant dynamical behavior is elusive for most existing models. The major challenges associated with modeling dynamic fouling processes are (i) the temporal evolution of foulant deposition and (ii) the strong coupling between flow, bulk solute concentration, and foulant deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modeling of Fouling in Reverse Osmosis Membranes

et al. 2021

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During reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration, performance is dramatically affected by fouling, which concurrently decreases the permeate flux while increasing the energy required to operate the system. Comprehensive design and optimization of RO systems are best served by an understanding of the coupling between membrane shape, local flow field, and fouling; however, current studies focus exclusively on simplified steady-state models that ignore the dynamic coupling between fluid flow, solute transport, and foulant accumulation. We developed a customized solver (SUMs: Stanford University Membrane Solver) under the open source finite volume simulator OpenFOAM to solve transient Navier–Stokes, advection–diffusion, and adsorption–desorption equations for foulant accumulation. We implemented two permeate flux reduction models at the membrane boundary: the resistance-in-series (RIS) model and the effective-pressure-drop (EPD) model. The two models were validated against filtration experiments by comparing the equilibrium flux, pressure drop, and fouling pattern on the membrane. Both models not only predict macroscopic quantities (e.g., permeate flux and pressure drop) but also the fouling pattern developed on the membrane, with a good match with experimental results. Furthermore, the models capture the temporal evolution of foulant accumulation and its coupling with flux reduction.

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“…In the middle of the 20th century, this was achieved using water evaporation systems and later with reverse osmosis membranes. However, the resulting high energy consumption, generally through fossil fuels, has been an important issue to solve [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of an Electrical Characterization System for Membrane Capacitive Deionization Units for the Water Treatment

2021

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The desalination of seawater is one of the most established techniques in the world. In the middle of the 20th century this was achieved using water evaporation systems, later with reverse osmosis membranes and nowadays with the possibility of capacitive deionization membranes. Capacitive deionization and membrane capacitive deionization are an emerging technology that make it possible to obtain drinking water with an efficiency of 95%. This technology is in the development stage and consists of porous activated carbon electrodes, which have great potential for saving energy in the water desalination process and can be used for desalination using an innovative technology called capacitive deionization (CDI), or membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) if an anion and cation membrane exchange is used. In this paper is proposed and designed a characterization system prototype for CDI and MCDI that can operate with constant current charging and discharging (galvanostatic method). Adequate precision has been achieved, as can be seen in the results obtained. These results were obtained from the performance of typical characterization tests with electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC), since they are electrochemical devices that behave similarly to MCDI, from the point of view of the electrical variables of the processes that take place in MCDI. A philosophy of using free software with open-source code has been followed, with software such as the Arduino and Processing programming editors (IDE), as well as the Arduino Nano board (ATmega328), the analogical-digital converter (ADC1115) and the digital-analogical converter (MCP4725). Moreover, a low-cost system has been developed. A robust and versatile system has been designed for water treatment, and a flexible system has been obtained for the specifications established, as it is shown in the results section.

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Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Abstract: In finalizing this Special Issue “Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination”, I would like to express our sincere appreciation to the authors for their contribution of articles and reviews [...]

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Study of the Ecological Footprint and Carbon Footprint in a Reverse Osmosis Sea Water Desalination Plant

Study of the Ecological Footprint and Carbon Footprint in a Reverse Osmosis Sea Water Desalination Plant

Dynamic Modeling of Fouling in Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Design and Implementation of an Electrical Characterization System for Membrane Capacitive Deionization Units for the Water Treatment

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