Seawater Quality Detection

Li, Bingbing; Liu, Shuangyin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811330-1.00009-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, if LC-coacervates were to have participated in primitive biochemistries on early Earth, they likely would have necessarily resided in oceanic environments due to the requirement of high salinities relative to freshwater environments and physiological conditions for assembly. The salinity of the modern ocean is roughly 35 g/L, which corresponds to ~600 mM NaCl (this assumes that most of the salt is NaCl, although there are a number of other species present at lower concentrations) [86], and appears to suggest that some LC-coacervate phases are compatible with an ocean environment in the absence of temperature modulations (Figure 1) [63]. However, upon modulation of temperature, plausibly caused by seasonal or diurnal changes, or salinity, less restrictive environmental conditions could allow for more LC-coacervate phases to assemble.…”

Section: Relevance Of Lc-coacervates To Prebiotic Oceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystal Peptide/DNA Coacervates in the Context of Prebiotic Molecular Evolution

Jia

Fraccia

2020

Crystals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) phenomena are ubiquitous in biological systems, as various cellular LLPS structures control important biological processes. Due to their ease of in vitro assembly into membraneless compartments and their presence within modern cells, LLPS systems have been postulated to be one potential form that the first cells on Earth took on. Recently, liquid crystal (LC)-coacervate droplets assembled from aqueous solutions of short double-stranded DNA (s-dsDNA) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) have been reported. Such LC-coacervates conjugate the advantages of an associative LLPS with the relevant long-range ordering and fluidity properties typical of LC, which reflect and propagate the physico-chemical properties of their molecular constituents. Here, we investigate the structure, assembly, and function of DNA LC-coacervates in the context of prebiotic molecular evolution and the emergence of functional protocells on early Earth. We observe through polarization microscopy that LC-coacervate systems can be dynamically assembled and disassembled based on prebiotically available environmental factors including temperature, salinity, and dehydration/rehydration cycles. Based on these observations, we discuss how LC-coacervates can in principle provide selective pressures effecting and sustaining chemical evolution within partially ordered compartments. Finally, we speculate about the potential for LC-coacervates to perform various biologically relevant properties, such as segregation and concentration of biomolecules, catalysis, and scaffolding, potentially providing additional structural complexity, such as linearization of nucleic acids and peptides within the LC ordered matrix, that could have promoted more efficient polymerization. While there are still a number of remaining open questions regarding coacervates, as protocell models, including how modern biologies acquired such membraneless organelles, further elucidation of the structure and function of different LLPS systems in the context of origins of life and prebiotic chemistry could provide new insights for understanding new pathways of molecular evolution possibly leading to the emergence of the first cells on Earth.

show abstract

Section: Relevance Of Lc-coacervates To Prebiotic Oceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystal Peptide/DNA Coacervates in the Context of Prebiotic Molecular Evolution

Jia

Fraccia

2020

Crystals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity average of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 599 mM) [27]. In general, seawater pH ranges between 7.5 and 8.4 [27,28].…”

Section: Methods and Setting Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity average of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 599 mM) [27]. In general, seawater pH ranges between 7.5 and 8.4 [27,28]. Seawater salinity is not uniformly distributed throughout the world, whereas, the majority of seawater has a salinity of between 31 g/kg and 38 g/kg [29].…”

Section: Methods and Setting Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Improved Seawater Quality using a Slow Sand Filtration

Abushandi¹

2021

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years water treatment methods under pressurized systems have been considered as the optimum high-rate filtration techniques. Unpressurized-slow sand filtration can be the cheapest and most efficient method, among others. This research aims to test the performance of a reliable seawater filtration system, using three different iterations. The filters have been designed considering many types of filtration layers such as sand, gravel, palm chlorophyll and other layers. The results of routine tests showed that the seawater pH, and TSS, and conductivity in the Gulf of Oman are relatively high. The pH values were decreased from 9.4 to 8.4 (filter 1), 9.0 (filter 2), and 8.7 (filter 3). Filter three has a reduced value of conductivity from 13.06 to 12.81 Ms/cm while a slight increase in filters 1 and 2. The TSS values were significantly reduced from 12.42 mg/L to 1.682 mg/L (filter 1), 2.478 mg/L (filter 2), and 1.200 mg/L (filter 3). This reflects the efficiency for each filter for this parameter is 86.5% for filter 1, 80% for filter 2, while 90.3% for filter three. Water velocity through each layer was monitored using Darcy law where the water of filter three has the longest residence time and slowest flow per time. The fastest flow was in filter one with an average of 0.5 L/minutes, filter two has an average flow of 0.088 L/minutes, while filter 3 has a flow rate of 0.026 L/minutes. The third filter has provided the best performance according to the results. Statistical analysis was conducted to understand the correlation between different parameters. As per Pearson correlation, there is a significant correlation between pH and conductivity values for 19 samples (0.989), while the correlation with TSS is relatively weak (0.364).

show abstract

“…Seawater is an inexhaustible water resource, attributed to its extensive geographic coverage on Earth (i.e., about 97 percent of water reserves on the Earth are saline) [ 13 ]. Seawater has an average salinity of 3.5% (35 g/L) globally, where the dissolved salts are composed predominantly of sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl - ) ions [ 14 ]. The high availability of seawater offers tremendous benefits for the application of photocatalytic H 2 evolution reaction (HER), especially for areas where pure water is not accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Artificial Seawater Splitting over Amorphous Carbon Nitride: Optimization and Process Parameters Study via Response Surface Modeling

Chee

Chew

et al. 2022

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photocatalytic water splitting has garnered tremendous attention for its capability to produce clean and renewable H2 fuel from inexhaustible solar energy. Until now, most research has focused on scarce pure water as the source of H2, which is not consistent with the concept of sustainable energy. Hence, the importance of photocatalytic splitting of abundant seawater in alleviating the issue of pure water shortages. However, seawater contains a wide variety of ionic components which have unknown effects on photocatalytic H2 production. This work investigates photocatalytic seawater splitting conditions using environmentally friendly amorphous carbon nitride (ACN) as the photocatalyst. The individual effects of catalyst loading (X1), sacrificial reagent concentration (X2), salinity (X3), and their interactive effects were studied via the Box–Behnken design in response surface modeling towards the H2 evolution reaction (HER) from photocatalytic artificial seawater splitting. A second-order polynomial regression model is predicted from experimental data where the variance analysis of the regressions shows that the linear term (X1, X2), the two-way interaction term X1X2, and all the quadratic terms (X12, X22, X23) pose significant effects towards the response of the HER rate. Numerical optimization suggests that the highest HER rate is 7.16 µmol/h, achievable by dosing 2.55 g/L of ACN in 45.06 g sea salt/L aqueous solution containing 17.46 vol% of triethanolamine. Based on the outcome of our findings, an apparent effect of salt ions on the adsorption behavior of the photocatalyst in seawater splitting with a sacrificial reagent has been postulated.

show abstract

Seawater Quality Detection

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Liquid Crystal Peptide/DNA Coacervates in the Context of Prebiotic Molecular Evolution

Liquid Crystal Peptide/DNA Coacervates in the Context of Prebiotic Molecular Evolution

Evidence of Improved Seawater Quality using a Slow Sand Filtration

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Artificial Seawater Splitting over Amorphous Carbon Nitride: Optimization and Process Parameters Study via Response Surface Modeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About