“…The authors have validated the presence of EKC with an N-shape curve in static and dynamic specifications for the complete sample. Additionally, there are several studies that investigate the EKC hypothesis for Chinese provinces (Du et al, 2012;Chen and Chen, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2019;Wenbo and Yan, 2018), revealing either an inverted N-shaped pattern (Kang et al, 2016;Li et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2016), or a monotonically increasing pattern (Yang et al, 2015). More specifically, evidence in favor of the EKC hypothesis is found for CO 2 emissions (Du et al, 2012;Chen and Chen, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2019;Wenbo and Yan, 2018), CO 2 emission intensity (Wenbo and Yan, 2018), SO 2 emissions (Wang et al, 2019), coal consumption, wastewater and solid waste emissions (Li et al, 2016), Carbon Dioxide (COD) and NH 3 -N emissions (Zhang et al, 2017), and soot and dust emissions (Chen et al, 2019).…”