Seawater dynamics and environmental settings after November 2002 gas eruption off Bottaro (Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Mediterranean Sea)

Aliani, Stefano; Bortoluzzi, Guido; Caramanna, Giorgio; Raffa, F.

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2010.04.016

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Thus, slow water motion during summer periods could thicken the DBL leading to hypercapnia and in turn to metabolic stress (e.g., symbionts or cell processes producing large amounts of organic waste, higher cell respiration)43. However, the stability of the main current (from North/West to South/East) that creates the Panarea pH gradient was confirmed during the different expeditions performed for this experiment and also by other studies conducted in the same area4445. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, there isn’t a time of the year in which, in our experimental setting, water motion is still, leading to a significant thickening of the DBL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Ocean warming and acidification synergistically increase coral mortality

Prada

Caroselli

Mengoli

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Organisms that accumulate calcium carbonate structures are particularly vulnerable to ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), potentially reducing the socioeconomic benefits of ecosystems reliant on these taxa. Since rising atmospheric CO2 is responsible for global warming and increasing ocean acidity, to correctly predict how OW and OA will affect marine organisms, their possible interactive effects must be assessed. Here we investigate, in the field, the combined temperature (range: 16–26 °C) and acidification (range: pHTS 8.1–7.4) effects on mortality and growth of Mediterranean coral species transplanted, in different seasonal periods, along a natural pH gradient generated by a CO2 vent. We show a synergistic adverse effect on mortality rates (up to 60%), for solitary and colonial, symbiotic and asymbiotic corals, suggesting that high seawater temperatures may have increased their metabolic rates which, in conjunction with decreasing pH, could have led to rapid deterioration of cellular processes and performance. The net calcification rate of the symbiotic species was not affected by decreasing pH, regardless of temperature, while in the two asymbiotic species it was negatively affected by increasing acidification and temperature, suggesting that symbiotic corals may be more tolerant to increasing warming and acidifying conditions compared to asymbiotic ones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Ocean warming and acidification synergistically increase coral mortality

Prada

Caroselli

Mengoli

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Rising gas bubbles [93][94][95] and hydrothermal water plumes [96] entrain bottom water, producing complex patterns in stratified water; under stratified conditions, horizontal layers of water form, with different concentrations of chemicals and particulates [97]. This has been observed on echosounder records [13] and will cause sessile organisms occupying slightly different depths on a rock face to be exposed to different conditions.…”

Section: Hypothesis 3: Venting Generates Bottom Roughness Thus Increamentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea

Bianchi

Dando

Morri

2011

Advances in Oceanography and Limnology

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Research on subtidal hydrothermal vent ecosystems at Milos, Hellenic Volcanic Arc (Aegean Sea), suggested that vent activity increased the species richness of sessile epibenthic assemblages. Based on 303 species found in 6 sites (3 close to vents, 3 farther away), the present paper uses correspondence analysis and species/samples curves to examine the species composition and richness of these assemblages. Differences due to vent proximity were more important than those due to bottom depth and distance from the shore. Diversity was confirmed to be higher near the vents, although none of the 266 species found at the vent sites can be considered as obligate vent-associated species. Seven different, although not mutually exclusive, hypotheses are discussed to explain the pattern of increased epibenthic species diversity at the vent sites, namely: (i) vents represent an intermediate disturbance, inducing mortality by the emission of toxic fluids; (ii) higher winter temperature allows for the occurrence of warm-water species, which add to the regional background; (iii) venting disrupts the homogeneity of the water bottom layer, increasing bottom roughness and hence habitat heterogeneity; (iv) deposition of minerals and enhanced bioconstruction by Ca enrichment increment habitat provision; (v) fluid emission induces advective mechanisms that favour recruitment; (vi) vents emit CO 2 , nutrients and trace elements that enhance primary productivity; and (vii) bacterial chemosynthesis add to photosynthesis to provide a diversity of food sources for the fauna.

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“…It corresponded to the submerged portion of the surface diverging waves created by gas escaping in the atmosphere, already reported by Aliani et al (2010) and shown on fig. 2.…”

Section: Water Currentsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In 2002 gas fluxes were estimated at approximately 9.33 10 8 l day −1 and in 2003 estimates were one order of magnitude lower (0.72 10 8 l day −1 ) (Aliani et al, 2010). After 2003, a continuous gas plume from bottom to surface was not found anymore and the plume became cone-shaped.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Different emissive scenarios of bubbles have been reported at shallow vents: i) gas diffuses from the permeable seabed in widespread small bubbles creating local peculiar bottom landscapes (O'Hara et al, 1995;Dando et al, 2000); ii) large gas bubbles escape through fissures in the rocks along fault lines, affecting the environment over horizontal distances of up to hundred meters (Aliani et al, 1998;Dando et al, 2000;Bayona et al, 2002;De Biasi and Aliani, 2003); iii) gas emissions occur when eruptions come from single spots (eruptive plumes). In this last case, the amount of free gas released can be so large that visible columns of rising bubbles reach the surface, affecting SCUBA diver buoyancy and seafloor stability (Aliani et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Tudino

Bortoluzzi

Aliani

2014

Journal of Marine Systems

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Marine water dynamics in the near field of a massive gas eruption near Panarea (Aeolian Islands volcanic arc, SE Tyrrhenian Sea) is described. ADCP current-meters were deployed during the paroxysmal phase in 2002 and 2003 a few meters from the degassing vent, recording day-long timeseries. Datasets were sorted to remove errors and select good quality ensembles over the entire water column. Standard deviation of error velocity was considered a proxy for inhomogeneous velocity fields over beams. Timeseries intervals had been selected when the basic ADCP assumptions were fulfilled and random errors minimized. Backscatter data were also processed to identify bubbles in the water column with the aim of locating bubble-free ensembles. Reliable timeseries are selected combining these data. Two possible scenarios have been described: firstly, a high dynamic situation with visible surface diverging rings of waves, entrainment on the lower part of the gas column, detrainment in the upper part and a stagnation line (SL) at mid depth where currents were close to zero and most of the gas bubbles spread laterally; secondly, a lower dynamic situation with water entraining into the gas plume at all depths and no surface rings of diverging waves. Reasons for these different dynamics may be ascribed to changes in gas fluxes (one order of magnitude higher in 2002). Description of SL is important to quantify its position in the water column and timing for entrainment-detrainment, and it can be measured by ADCP and calculated from models.

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Seawater dynamics and environmental settings after November 2002 gas eruption off Bottaro (Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Mediterranean Sea)

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Ocean warming and acidification synergistically increase coral mortality

Ocean warming and acidification synergistically increase coral mortality

Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea

Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

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