Seawater distillation from low-temperature streams: a case history

Breschi, Dario

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(99)00045-4

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…To help alleviate this burden, on-site water treatment methods such as distillation, reverse osmosis (RO) and waste water recycling systems are being developed. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Besides the methods mentioned above, on-site water generation systems that extract water vapor from air have been developed. The removal of water vapor from gaseous streams also has many industrial applications which include dehydration of natural and flue gases, drying of compressed air and storage of fruits and vegetables under protective atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube-immobilized super-absorbent membrane for harvesting water from the atmosphere

Roy

Hussain

Mitra

2015

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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25This paper describes the development of a carbon nanotube (CNT) immobilized membrane for 26 harvesting pure water from air. The CNTs were incorporated into a layer of super absorbing 27 poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) which was cast over a porous hydrophilized polypropylene 28 support. The super absorbing polymer tended to bind to the water molecules to form water 29 clusters. The incorporation of CNTs led to the interruption of specific water-polymer as well as 30 water-water interactions to generate more free water which permeated more easily through the 31 membrane. The CNTs were functionalized with carboxylic groups to improve the dispersibility 32 into the polymer matrix. The water vapor extraction efficiency reached over 50%, and the 33 presence of CNTs led to an enhancement in water vapor removal by as much as 45% and in mass 34 transfer coefficient by 44%. 35 36 Water impact: 37 Recent climatic changes, fairly widespread drought and extensive water use are drawing the world 38 into a state of water scarcity. This forces us to look for engineered water sources by conventional 39 methods such as desalination, and also to look for unconventional sources. On-site water generation 40 by extracting water vapor from air via permeating through a polymeric membrane is an attractive 41 alternative approach for generating pure water. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) immobilized in a 42 membrane containing super absorbent polymer is presented as an effective method to sorb water and 43 then break up water clusters for high permeation flux. Besides addressing the important application 44 of generating drinking water from air, this development opens the door for many other humidity 45 control applications.46 47The supply of potable water all over the world is a growing challenge. To help alleviate 49 this burden, on-site water treatment such as distillation, reverse osmosis (RO) and waste water 50 recycling systems are being developed 1-7 . Besides the methods mentioned above, on-site water 51 generation systems that extract water vapor from air have been developed. The removal of water 52 vapor from gaseous streams also has many industrial applications which include the dehydration 53 of natural and flue gases, the drying of compressed air and the storage of fruits and vegetables 54 under protective atmosphere 8, 9 . In addition, humidity control in closed spaces such as air 55 conditioning in buildings, aviation and space flight are of major importance 10 . 56 Several approaches to water vapor extraction from air to produce clean water have been 57 studied 11-14 . Typical methods of water extraction include cooling and refrigeration, liquid and 58 solid desiccants, and compression. However, these conventional techniques possess inherent 59 disadvantages; for example the condensed water can be contaminated, and desiccant systems 60 involve energy inefficient regeneration steps and may have to be discarded after several uses 15-17 . 61 Selective water vapor transport through polymeric membranes is an attractive approach 6...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube-immobilized super-absorbent membrane for harvesting water from the atmosphere

Roy

Hussain

Mitra

2015

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…The low-grade residual heat (＜100℃) from power station, nuclear reactor, and diesel, and so on can be used to produce high purity freshwater (saltiness< 5mg/ L), and gain output ratio (GOR) of LT-ME process is higher. The technology of LT-ME has a good reliability, a high purity of produced freshwater, and a competitive operation cost [2]. Therefore, it's used widely in the world as one of the most promising and energy-saving desalination technologies [3], and used in most of multi-effect distillation devices [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Triple-Effect Low Temperature Distillation Desalination Process

Zhang

2011

AMR

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A new process of low temperature triple-effect distillation desalination is designed. Firstly, the appropriate effect number is determined. The total heat transfer coefficients and the heat loads of each evaporator are calculated. When the pressure differences between near effects are equal to △P, the freshwater outputs and the heat transfer coefficients of every effect would be increased as △P improved; if △P is too low, the seawater un-evaporated in the last evaporator would be difficult to flow into the next one. By analysis, the appropriate value of △P is 0.005 MPa. If the seawater flowing into the first effect is preheated by the heat source flow outpouring the unit, the total heat utilization rate and the freshwater output would be enhanced.

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