Seawater acidification affects the immune enzyme activities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Effects of pH and salinity on survival, growth, and enzyme activities in juveniles of the sunray surf clam (Mactra chinensis Philippi)

“…and Chrysophyceae at 2 mg/L/d (twice daily) during the acclimation and test period. SOD and CAT activities were determined in the soft tissue of live juveniles 6 hours after exposure, according to the instructions provided in the SOD/CAT determination kit (Jian Cheng Bio-engineering Institute, Nanjing [18] . More details were reported elsewhere [19] , including the laboratory analytical methods and equipment used.…”

Potential impact of climate change-induced alterations on pyroptotic cell death in animal cells

“…Climate-induced water acidification (decreases in the pH) due to the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO 2 by anthropogenic activities may render marine organisms more susceptible to infectious diseases because of the influence of seawater / ocean acidification on the immune system function, and it is considered as one of the greatest threats in marine ecosystems [Leite Figueiredo et al, 2016;Castillo et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2016;Huo et al, 2018;Brothers et al, 2016;Dineshram et al, 2021;Mackenzie et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2022]. If CO 2 emissions are not regulated (under business-as-usual scenario), seawater pH is forecast to drop by around 0.35 units in the coming century [IPCC et al, 2019].…”