Seated Single-Arm Shot-Put Test to Measure the Functional Performance of the Upper Limbs in Exercise Practitioners With Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Reliability Study

Pinheiro, Jocassia Silva; Monteiro, Otávio Lima Soares; Pinheiro, Cezar Augusto Brito; Penha, Luana Maria Brenha; Almeida, Mariana Quixabeira Guimarães; Bassi‐Dibai, Daniela; Pires, Flávio de Oliveira; Cabido, Christian Emmanuel Torres; Gomes, Cid André Fidelis de Paula; Dibai‐Filho, Almir Vieira

doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2020.01.001

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our mean raw distances ranged from 226 to 577 cm and from 189 to 466 cm for dominant and non-dominant limbs, respectively, confirming that pushing distances for the dominant side are higher than for non-dominant side [ 7 – 9 ]. These values were slightly lower than those reported for healthy athletes [ 8 ] and similar to those reported for athletes presenting chronic shoulder pain [ 10 ]. Such discrepancies may be explained by differences in pushing patterns, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Such discrepancies may be explained by differences in pushing patterns, i.e. horizontal direction vs. standard shot-put technique [ 8 , 10 ], and sport specificity, i.e. multisport vs. overhead sport athletes [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants sat on the floor, with knees flexed at 90° and feet flat, while half of his back and head kept contact with the wall. The participants were instructed to hold a 3-kg medicine ball [ 10 , 12 ] at shoulder-height while flexing the elbow and then to push it as far as possible in the horizontal direction, with the opposite hand placed on the belly (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in Negrete et al [ 7 ], participant sat on a chair (18-inch), while, in Chmielewski et al [ 8 ] and Riemann et al [ 9 ], participant sat on the floor with either knees flexed at right angles [ 8 ] or extended [ 9 ]. Another discrepancy concerns the trunk, which can be stabilized either using a strap around the chest [ 7 ], or with halfback support [ 8 , 10 ] or with complete backrest [ 9 ]. Such variabilities in positioning may present some drawbacks, such as the time consumed to strap the participant, the extension of the medicine ball’s trajectory when sitting on a chair, or the limitation in the arm and scapular contributions when using a complete backrest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…USSPT provides a pushing distance per side, which is independent of body mass when scaled allometrically [ 8 ]. This pushing distance presents high reliability in healthy [ 11 ] and symptomatic athletes [ 10 ], when the distances of three trials are averaged [ 8 , 11 , 12 ]. Performing three trials per side can nevertheless be time-consuming, especially when USSPT is included in a battery of tests, demanding to explore the reliability of the USSPT pushing distance per side when the distances of less trials are considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra- and intersession reliability and agreement of the Unilateral Seated Shot-Put Test outcome measures in healthy male athletes

Degot

Blache

Vigne³

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background The Unilateral Seated Shot-Put Test (USSPT) consists of pushing an overweight ball as far as possible to assess upper extremity power unilaterally and bilateral symmetry. Literature however reports various body positions and upper limb pushing patterns to perform USSPT, demanding to provide additional guideline to achieve overweight ball push. This study therefore aimed at assessing the reliability and agreement of USSPT outcome measures when pushing an overweight ball in a horizontal direction. Methods Twenty-seven healthy male athletes performed two sessions, one week apart, of three unilateral pushes per upper limb using a 3-kg medicine ball, for which the distances were measured. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change at a 95 % confidence level (MDC95 %) and coefficient of variation (CV) were assessed for the pushing distances based on one, two or three trials per side to produce two outcome measures: the pushing distance per limb and USSPT Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) when dividing pushing distance of the dominant side by that of the non-dominant side. Results The most reliable pushing distance per limb was obtained when averaging three pushing distances, normalized by body mass with the exponent 0.35. The mean USSPT LSI was 1.09 ± 0.10 for the first session and 1.08 ± 0.10 for the second session, highlighting good reliability and agreement (ICC = 0.82; SEM = 0.045; MDC95 % = 0.124; CV = 5.02 %). Conclusions When the overweight ball is pushed in a horizontal direction, averaging the distances of three trials for both the dominant and non-dominant limbs is advised to provide the most reliable USSPT distance per limb and USSPT LSI.

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