Seasonality, sex ratios and arrival pattern of some New Zealand caddis (Trichoptera) to Light‐Traps

Ward, John B.; Henderson, Ian; Patrick, Brian; Norrie, Peter H.

doi:10.1080/01650429609361618

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In New Zealand, Winterbourn, Rounick & Cowie (1981) has suggested that many of our stream insects have poorly synchronized life histories with a long duration of adult emergence. Ward et al. (1996) reviewed the flight periodicity of a large number of caddisfly species in New Zealand and found that the emergence period was extended for the majority of the species and that there was little variation in the duration and timing of these periods among sites throughout the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The linkage between riparian predators and aquatic insects across a stream‐resource spectrum

2007

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Summary 1. Spatial subsidies, defined as the flow of energy, nutrients, organisms or pollutants from one habitat to another, have been shown to affect the food–web dynamics in a wide range of ecosystems. An important subsidy to riparian communities is the contribution of adult stream insects to terrestrial predators such as birds, bats and lizards, but also invertebrates including ground and web‐building spiders. 2. We surveyed 37 first‐ and second‐order forest streams across differing environmental gradients in the Central South Island, New Zealand, to investigate the relationship between potential aquatic prey subsidies and predatory riparian arachnids. We anticipated that stream‐insect biomass would be positively associated with riparian arachnids, as a result of emergent adult aquatic insect subsidies to the adjacent habitat. 3. We confirmed positive associations between stream‐insect biomass as a predictor variable and riparian arachnid biomass (R2 = 0.42, F1,34 = 25.2, P < 0.001) and web densities (R2 = 0.45, F1,14 = 11.5, P < 0.01) respectively as dependent variables after adjusting for the confounding effects of environmental variables. Hierarchical partitioning confirmed the importance of stream insect biomass as a statistically significant contributor to the total explained variance in analyses calculated for arachnid biomass, abundance and web density. 4. A concurrent survey of spider‐web density along 20‐m transects from the stream edge into the forest indicated a strong decline in web‐building spider density moving away from the stream (R2 = 0.41, F1,158 = 109, P < 0.001), with stream‐insect biomass as a significant covariate (F1,149 = 17.7, P < 0.001). 5. Our results suggest that productivity gradients present in the donor system affect the magnitude of the interaction between adjacent habitats. Productivity gradients may lead to increased reciprocal subsidies through a positive feedback loop involving the predation of spiders and other predatory terrestrial invertebrates by aquatic predators. However, terrestrial insectivores such as birds, bats and lizards that are not readily used as prey by aquatic predators may circumvent the feedback cycle by consuming a large proportion of emergent aquatic‐insect biomass. This may lead to asymmetry in the strength of food–web linkages between aquatic and terrestrial habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The linkage between riparian predators and aquatic insects across a stream‐resource spectrum

2007

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“…Olinga species reproduce sexually and lay spherical egg masses comprising 100-300 eggs on a single occasion onto the water surface from where they settle on the streambed (Watson, 1974;Scarsbook, 2000). Adult life-span averages 3-4 days but can extend up to 8 days (Watson, 1974;Collier & Scarsbrook, 2000), and the flight period lasts between 3 and 5 months (Smith et al, 2002;Ward et al, 1996). While food and benthic habitat preferences are relatively well known (Lester et al, 1994;Parkyn & Winterbourn, 1997;Quinn et al, 2000), the life history and production of Olinga, particularly in relation to hyporheic habitat, are less well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hyporheic Production is Substantially Greater than Benthic Production for a Common New Zealand Caddisfly

2006

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Life-history and production of Olinga feredayi in both benthic and hyporheic stream habitats were investigated in a pristine Waikato, New Zealand, forest stream over two years to investigate the contribution of hyporheic habitat to total secondary production. O. feredayi had a univoltine life-history with adult emergence occurring from November to March. Larvae with case lengths <2 mm were present on most dates suggesting delayed egg hatching. Benthic densities were inversely related to maximum peak daily flow in the month prior to sampling, and positively related to the dry mass of particulate organic matter present in samples. Reach-average benthic production calculated by the size-frequency method was 0.024 g DM m )2 year )1 . Hyporheic production was 4.276 g DM m )3 year )1 and 6.462 g DM m )3 year )1 in colonisation baskets set at 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm within the substratum, respectively, 2.3-3.4 times greater than production in surface baskets (0-15 cm). Averaged out over the reach scale, it was estimated that 96% of annual secondary production of O. feredayi occurred in hyporheic habitats > 10 cm below the streambed surface. Our study clearly demonstrates that only sampling benthic habitats can lead to gross under-estimation of population-level annual production, and provides evidence for the role of the hyporheos as a source of secondary production that may partly account for the Allen Paradox.

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“…Stream ecologists have long neglected the role adults might play in determining the local and regional abundance of larvae. Information about the terrestrial adult stage of the life cycle is scant and remains predominantly restricted to questions of flight direction (Baldwin, West & Gomery, 1975;Bird & Hynes, 1981;Griffith, Barrows & Perry, 1998;Petersen et al, 1999), timing of emergence (Dudgeon, 1988;Ward et al, 1996;Houghton & Stewart, 1998) and abundance (Werneke & Zwick, 1992;Collier, Smith & Baillie, 1997). However, to complete its life cycle, an aquatic insect must deposit viable propagules into an environment in which they can successfully develop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of aquatic invertebrate egg masses in relation to physical characteristics of oviposition sites at two Victorian upland streams

Reich

Downes

2003

Freshwater Biology

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Summary 1. Various physical variables were measured at rocks potentially used by lotic macroinvertebrates as oviposition sites at multiple locations on two occasions along the Acheron and Little Rivers, south‐eastern Australia. The associations between these parameters and the presence/absence and abundance of aquatic insect egg masses were explored as well as the small‐scale distribution of egg masses on individual rocks. 2. Physical features that characterise oviposition sites of 17 different aquatic taxa are presented. No obvious differences in patterns of oviposition site selectivity were apparent between multiple sampling times or locations. For some common taxa, multivariate analyses revealed that measurements of rock size and local current speed were positively related to the likelihood of an egg mass being present. However there were no consistent relationships between the abundance of egg masses and either of these variables. 3. The small‐scale distribution of egg masses on individual rocks revealed patterns in relation to surfaces that clearly differed as oviposition habitat, such as the underside, upstream and downstream surfaces. Presumably, these patterns are the result of small‐scale variation in flow conditions that characterise these particular rock surfaces. 4. The results of this study indicate that the oviposition strategies of a number of aquatic taxa may be reasonably predictable based on measurable physical parameters. These findings have important implications for future studies wanting to incorporate the adult and egg life history stages of lotic insects into studies of population dynamics.

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Seasonality, sex ratios and arrival pattern of some New Zealand caddis (Trichoptera) to Light‐Traps

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

The linkage between riparian predators and aquatic insects across a stream‐resource spectrum

The linkage between riparian predators and aquatic insects across a stream‐resource spectrum

Hyporheic Production is Substantially Greater than Benthic Production for a Common New Zealand Caddisfly

The distribution of aquatic invertebrate egg masses in relation to physical characteristics of oviposition sites at two Victorian upland streams

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