Seasonality Role on the Phenolics from Cultivated Baccharis dracunculifolia

Abstract

Baccharis dracunculifolia is the source of Brazilian green propolis (BGP). Considering the broad spectrum of biological activities attributed to green proplis, B. dracunculifolia has a great potential for the development of new cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. In this work, the cultivation of 10 different populations of native B. dracunculifolia had been undertaken aiming to determine the role of seasonality on its phenolic compounds. For this purpose, fruits of this plant were collected from populations of 10 different regions, and 100 individuals of each population were cultivated in an experimental area of 1800 m2. With respect to cultivation, the yields of dry plant, essential oil and crude extract were measured monthly resulting in mean values of 399 ± 80 g, 0.6 ± 0.1% and 20 ± 4%, respectively. The HPLC analysis allowed detecting seven phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, ferulic acid, aromadendrin-4′-methyl ether (AME), isosakuranetin, artepillin C, baccharin and 2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyran acid, which were the major ones throughout the 1-year monthly analysis. Caffeic acid was detected in all cultivated populations with mean of 4.0%. AME displayed the wide variation in relation to other compounds showing means values of 0.65 ± 0.13% at last quarter. Isosakuranetin and artepillin C showed increasing concentrations with values between 0% and 1.4% and 0% and 1.09%, respectively. The obtained results allow suggesting that the best time for harvesting this plant, in order to obtain good qualitative and quantitative results for these phenolic compounds, is between December and April.

Copaifera langsdorffii supercritical fluid extraction: Chemical and functional characterization by LC/MS and in vitro assays

“…Comparing SFE and SLE in terms of antioxidant activity, it can be observed that both presented 280 similar EC 50 values, thus corroborating the fact that the antioxidant activity is not strictly related to the flavonoids content. For instance, the best DPPH antioxidant activity (run 11, 7.581 µg/mL) was neither related with the highest yield nor with the highest total flavonoid content; thus, the antioxidant activity can be due to the presence of several compounds other than flavonoids, belonging or not to the polyphenolic group [51,52].…”

“…Also, the total flavonoids of the C. langsdorffii extract obtained by an optimized SLE condition presented 10.2± 0.25 mg/g and quercitrin of 7.70± 0.02 mg/g, both values lower than the SLE values observed in this study [49]. These results may vary because of the plant variability in its secondary compounds" 255 metabolism is influenced by solar irradiation and/or the amount of raining in the season [50].…”

“…As for the antioxidant activity, measured using the DPPH in vitro assay, the ANOVA also presented the interaction between the temperature and ethanol as significant; that means that ethanol percentage must be around 50% (high) and temperature has to be low (<40°C) to provide the lowest values of EC 50 . For the response related to the antioxidant activity measured using TEAC in vitro assay, the ANOVA also presented as significant the quadratic effect of the 325 pressure and temperature, besides the effect of the ethanol.…”

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de microemulsões contendo extrato e óleo essencial de Baccharis dracunculifolia para enxaguatório bucal

“…Aliados aos resultados destes diferentes ensaios, Sousa (2009a) demonstrou que o cultivo desta planta é bastante viável, no que diz respeito à obtenção de extrato bruto e óleo essencial em escala industrial, sendo que a mesma se apresenta pronta para colheita após o 12º mês de cultivo.…”

Efeito da sazonalidade no perfil químico e na atividade antioxidante de Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) e ação modulatória desta planta sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos

“…A utilização de B. dracunculifolia pelas indústrias é possível, pois pesquisas demonstraram que o cultivo desta planta e a sua produção em larga escala para fins comerciais são economicamente viáveis (DE SOUSA et al, 2009B) Com relação ao metabolismo secundário, as espécies do gênero Baccharis são caracterizadas pela presença de diterpenos dos tipos clerodano e labdano, inclusive lactonas diterpênicas, além de suas substâncias aromáticas, como flavonóides e derivados do ácido cumárico (BOHLMANN; ZDERO, 1990). Contudo, é sabido que a produção destes metabólitos pela planta é sensível a diversos fatores como variações climáticas, fatores ambientais e, especialmente, interações com insetos e predadores (BAUER, TITTLEL, 1996;HOGEDAL, MOLGAARD, 2000).…”