Seasonality and Variability of Tourist Movement  in Poland

Kozminski, C.; Michalska, B.

doi:10.18276/ept.2016.3.35-01

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Despite the possibility and wide variety of offers of foreign travels, still about 80% of Polish people choose domestic destinations (Łysoń 2019 ). Two most popular destinations in the country are (1) the coastal region at the Baltic Sea in the north (Koźmiński and Michalska 2016 ) and (2) mountain areas in the south, in the Carpathians and Sudetes. The number of accommodation places used by tourists in those regions constitutes almost half of all accommodation places used by tourists throughout Poland in 2018 (Łysoń 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer UTCI variability in Poland in the twenty-first century

2020

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The paper analyses the temporal and spatial variability of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Poland in summer. Summer is the season with the highest intensity of tourism traffic that is why it is important to determine biometeorological conditions, especially in popular tourist destinations such as coastal, mountain and urban areas, in the times of climate changes. The analysis was based on data from 18 stations of IMGW-PIB (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-National Research Institute), distributed evenly in the territory of the country, and representing all eight bioclimatic regions. The data include air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and cloudiness at 12 UTC from summer months: June, July and August from the years 2001-2018. Thermoneutral zone was the most frequently occurring UTCI class in Poland. It was recorded during 56-75% of summer days (with the exception of mountain stations, where it occurred on 30-35% of days). Moderate heat stress is the second most frequently occurring category with a frequency from 18 to 29% with the exception of mountain and coastal areas. Extreme and very strong cold stress occurred particularly in high mountain stations, and was sporadically observed at the coast of the Baltic Sea; however, the occurrence of such conditions decreases, which if favourable for beach tourism. No cases of extreme heat stress were recorded in any of the stations. The most unfavourable bioclimatic conditions were characteristic of the Upland Region (IV), represented by Kraków and Sandomierz, where very strong heat stress occurred with a 10% frequency. This is a limitation for urban tourism in those regions. The highest UTCI values were recorded in Kraków on 17 July 2007 and 29 July 2005. The highest number of cases with strong and very strong heat stress was recorded in 2015 as a consequence of the heat wave observed in Poland in the first half of August. In the majority of the analysed stations, in the second half of the analysed period (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018), an increase in the number of days with strong and very strong heat stress was observed in comparison with the first half of period (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009). The highest frequency of such days was observed in July. Based on the data, there are 4 potential periods of occurrence of such days, with two most intense being 26. July-13 August and 14-22 July.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer UTCI variability in Poland in the twenty-first century

2020

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“…Tourism is a crucial element of the functioning of national parks, and its development brings benefits (local openness, new jobs, dissemination of an exciting region) and adverse effects. All human activities, both planned and accidental, affect the natural environment and are called anthropopressure (Almeida Cunha 2010 ; Koźmiński and Michalska 2016 ). Its negative consequences for protected areas, in particular mountainous areas, are as follows: (1) activities affecting the trampling of trails and the related destruction of vegetation and soil erosion, (2) disturbing the peace of animals and their synanthropization, and (3) waste left on the trails or in their vicinity (Hu et al, 2018a , b ; J. C. Kuniyal et al, 1998 ; Jagdish C. Kuniyal, 2005 ; Religa & Adach, 2020 , 2021b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 The tourist traffic load in mountain national parks Fig. 8 Mountain national parks by protection category anthropopressure (Almeida Cunha 2010; Koźmiński and Michalska 2016). Its negative consequences for protected areas, in particular mountainous areas, are as follows: (1) activities affecting the trampling of trails and the related destruction of vegetation and soil erosion, (2) disturbing the peace of animals and their synanthropization, and (3) waste left on the trails or in their vicinity (Hu et al, 2018a, b;J.…”

Section: Influence Of Tourist Traffic On the Natural Environment Of M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of the accessibility of the mountain national parks in Poland

Adach

Wojtkowska

Religa

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In Poland, mountain national parks are visited by about 8 million tourists annually. As a result, national parks must have a properly developed infrastructure to accommodate such a large number of people. Tourism development in mountain national parks satisfies the needs of tourist participants and should increase the attractiveness of the area, fit into the cultural concepts of a given region, and promote its development. The research aims to determine the consequences of making mountain national parks available in Poland and determine the factors determining the attractiveness of the protected area and the related tourist burden. Nine mountain national parks located in Poland were selected for the research. An interview was conducted with employees of mountain national parks concerning (a) the tourist burden on the national park, (b) the tourist management of the national park and its surroundings, and (c) the impact of tourist traffic on the natural environment. Parameters characterizing the intensity and spatial character of tourist traffic, tourist management, and the influence of tourist traffic on the natural environment of mountain national parks are discussed. The study presents the parameters determining: tourist traffic density, tourist route density, and tourist traffic intensity. A map of the development of the surroundings of national parks was presented, and its influence on tourist traffic was determined. The obtained results were discussed in the context of the consequences of tourist traffic in mountain national parks. The result of the work was the development of a map of the tourist load of mountain national parks in Poland. Tourism is of crucial importance for the proper functioning of national parks. However, if not properly cultivated, it threatens the fauna and flora of such areas. Rational use of natural resources by tourists visiting mountain national parks is crucial to maintain the balance between man and nature. Proper supervision and management in the national park, as well as the collective responsibility of tourists visiting national parks and the community living in their vicinity, is of fundamental importance for the proper functioning of the system in national parks and nearby tourist destinations.

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“…The most favourable conditions for tourism occur during the holiday months and include high temperatures, Babia Góra 1 0 1 14 6,0 0 0 0 high exposure to sunlight and day length. Besides, it is a time when many people do not work and go on a summer holiday (Błażejczyk, Kunert, 2011;Koźmiński, Michalska, 2016). However, the indices also indicate features characteristic of individual parks.…”

Section: Tourism Seasonalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Variations in the Scale of Tourism in Polish National Parks

Miazek

2020

Tour

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National parks are among the most frequently visited tourist places in Poland. Every year, millions of tourists travel to spend time there and their number is constantly rising. National parks take nearly 30% of all domestic tourism. However, the number of people visiting individual national parks strongly varies. Some parks are visited by millions, others by only several thousand. The article is an attempt to indicate the main causes of the varying number of tourists visiting national parks. By analysing individual features of tourism in specific national parks, especially in those where the differences are most visible, the author attempts to distinguish aspects which may explain this phenomenon.

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Seasonality and Variability of Tourist Movement in Poland

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Summer UTCI variability in Poland in the twenty-first century

Summer UTCI variability in Poland in the twenty-first century

Consequences of the accessibility of the mountain national parks in Poland

Causes of Variations in the Scale of Tourism in Polish National Parks

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