Seasonal variations of the composition, structural features, and antitumor properties of polysaccharides from Padina pavonica (Lebanon) as a function of composition

Abstract

The variation of the polysaccharide composition of the brown alga Padina pavonica from the Mediterranean Sea was studied as a function of the collection season (April-July). It was shown that the principal polysaccharide (8.0-13.3% of dry alga weight) was alginic acid. Its content did not undergo significant changes from April to July. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides (laminarans and fucoidans) was low (<0.3% of dry alga weight). Water-soluble polysaccharides of the studied alga were practically pure fucoidan. The amount of laminarans was insignificant (<0.01% of dry alga weight). The content of fucoidans increased in alga samples from May through July. It was shown that P. pavonica is a promising source of alginic acids, which have a high capacity for gelation, and fucoidans, which exhibit antitumor action against RPMI-7951 human melanoma cells.Brown algae were a valuable source of polysaccharides such as alginic acids [1], fucoidans [2], and laminarans [3]. These compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity and low in vivo toxicity. Unfortunately, their use is hampered by problems with obtaining products with standard properties because the content and structural characteristics of the polysaccharides vary depending on the habitat and collection season [4]. Furthermore, the relationship between structural features and the biological activity of the polysaccharides, especially fucoidans, is poorly studied.The search for accessible sources of biologically active polysaccharides and the study of seasonal variations of their polysaccharide composition in order to determine the optimal collection time and to obtain preparations with standard properties are currently critical [5,6]. This information is required for industrial harvesting of alga.Brown algae of the genus Padina (Dictyotaceae) are widely distributed in the seas of Russia, Lebanon, India, Thailand, and other countries [7-9]. The properties of algal polysaccharides of this family (Lobophora variedata, Dictyota menstrualis, Spatoglossum schroederi, Stoechospermum marginatum, Padina gymnospora, and P. tetrastromatica) were studied. They were interesting as compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activity, e.g., antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombic, and antiviral properties [9][10][11][12]. It was also reported that polysaccharides from the brown alga P. pavonia (pavonica) exhibit anticoagulant activity [13].The goal of our work was to study the composition and structural characteristics of polysaccharides from P. pavonica from the Mediterranean Sea as a function of collection time and to determine the antitumor activity of the isolated fucoidans.Alginic acids, laminarans, and fucoidans were isolated using a modification of the published method [14] from P. pavonica collected on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (Lebanon, Batroun Bay) in April-July 2009 (N 34 15.069c; E 035 39.385c). The modification consisted of selecting the sequence of separation steps (hydrophobic and anion-exchange chromatography) depending on the mo...

A Comprehensive and Comparative Analysis of the Fucoidan Compositional Data Across the Phaeophyceae

“…Seasonal differences were also observed: for Costaria costata, Imbs et al (2009) determined that the proportion of Fuc, Gal, Glc, and sulfate increased from spring to summer, whereas those of Man, Rha, and Xyl decreased. This trend is similar to that observed by Men'shova et al (2012) for Padina pavonica (see above). In another study, carried out for Saccharina cichorioides (as Laminaria cichorioides), it has been shown that after the summer, and through fall, the proportion of Fuc decreases again, whereas that of Man increases clearly (Anastyuk et al, 2010).…”

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Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification

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