Seasonal variations of respiratory viruses and etiology of human rhinovirus infection in children

Morikawa, Saeko; Kohdera, Urara; Hosaka, Taisuke; Ishii, Kosuke; Akagawa, Shohei; Hiroi, Satoshi; Kase, Tetsuo

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.001

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The high number of RSV positive children, their young age, high admission rate and high DSS was expected since RSV is well known to have a great disease burden in young children [20]. RV usually is the most frequently found virus in young children and Enteroviridae peak in late summer and autumn [21]. However, in our study, RV was not frequently found as a single pathogen, possibly due to the sampling period in the winter.…”

Section: Single Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The mean age of children positive for FLU was relatively high and most children were infected during the second winter season in their life. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the influenza-season lasts only a few weeks during a winter season [21]. As adults are also frequently infected, young children may be protected by circulating maternal antibodies against FLU during the first months of their life [27].…”

Section: Single Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single- and multiple viral respiratory infections in children: disease and management cannot be related to a specific pathogen

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe number of viral pathogens associated with pediatric acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) has grown since the introduction of reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Multiple viruses are detected during a single ARI episode in approximately a quarter of all cases. The clinical relevance of these multiple detections is unclear, as is the role of the individual virus. We therefore investigated the correlation between clinical data and RT-PCR results in children with single- and multiple viral ARI.MethodsData from children with ARI were prospectively collected during two winter seasons. RT-PCR testing for 15 viruses was performed in 560 ARI episodes. In the patients with a single-viral etiology, clinical data, laboratory findings, patient management- and outcome data were compared between the different viruses. With this information, we compared data from children of whom RT-PCR data were negative, with children with single- and multiple viral positive results.ResultsThe viral detection rate was 457/560 (81.6%) of which 331/560 (59.1%) were single infections and 126/560 (22.5%) were multiple infections. In single viral infections, some statistically significant differences in demographics, clinical findings, disease severity and outcome were found between children with different viral etiologies. However, no clinically recognizable pattern was established to be virus-specific. In a multivariate analysis, the only variables that were correlated with longer hospital stay were the use of oxygen and nebulizer therapy, irrespective of the viral pathogen. Children with RT-PCR positive test results had a significant higher disease severity, fever, length of hospital stay, days of extra oxygen supply, and days of antibiotic treatment than children with a negative RT-PCR test result. For children with single- versus children with multiple positive RT-PCR test results, these differences were not significant.ConclusionsDisease (severity), management and outcome in pediatric ARI are not associated with a specific virus. Single- and multiple viral ARI do not significantly differ with regard to clinical outcome and patient management. For general pediatrics, RT-PCR assays should be restricted to pathogens for which therapy is available or otherwise may have clinical consequences. Further research with an extended panel of RT-PCR assays and a larger number of inclusions is necessary to further validate our findings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2118-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Single Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Single Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single- and multiple viral respiratory infections in children: disease and management cannot be related to a specific pathogen

et al. 2017

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“…In this study, was observed no seasonality for rhinovirus infections. Morikawa et al primarily detected HRV type C in winter, whereas type A rhinovirus was detected throughout the year. This study did not assess all rhinovirus types, which may produce its occurrence throughout the year in the population studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

Ferreira

Costa

Cariolano

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of child death worldwide. Viruses are the most common pathogens associated with CAP in children, but their incidence varies greatly. This study investigated the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV‐OC43 and HCoV‐NL63), and influenza A virus (FluA) in children with CAP and the contributing risk factors. Here, children with acute respiratory infections were screened by pediatrics; and a total of 150 radiographically‐confirmed CAP patients (aged 3 months to 10 years) from two clinical centers in Sao Luis, Brazil were recruited. Patient's clinical and epidemiological data were recorded. Nasopharyngeal swab and tracheal aspirate samples were collected to extract viral nucleic acid. RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus, FluA, HMPV, HCoV‐OC43, and HCoV‐NL63 were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The severe CAP was associated with ages between 3 and 12 months. Viruses were detected in 43% of CAP patients. Rhinovirus infections were the most frequently identified (68%). RSV, adenovirus, FluA, and coinfections were identified in 14%, 14%, 5%, and 15% of children with viral infection, respectively. Rhinovirus was associated with nonsevere CAP (P = .014); RSV, FluA, and coinfections were associated with severe CAP (P < .05). New strategies for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections, mainly rhinovirus and RSV infections, are necessary.

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“…virus, human coronavirus, and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clearly show peak incidences in the winter months (leading to them sometimes being called winter viruses) (14,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Conversely, adenovirus, human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and rhinovirus can be detected throughout the year (all-year viruses) (30)(31)(32). For some enteroviruses, detection frequency and case numbers increase in summer (summer viruses) (33,34).…”

Section: Seasonality Of Respiratory Viruses In the Human Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

2020

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The seasonal cycle of respiratory viral diseases has been widely recognized for thousands of years, as annual epidemics of the common cold and influenza disease hit the human population like clockwork in the winter season in temperate regions. Moreover, epidemics caused by viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 occur during the winter months. The mechanisms underlying the seasonal nature of respiratory viral infections have been examined and debated for many years. The two major contributing factors are the changes in environmental parameters and human behavior. Studies have revealed the effect of temperature and humidity on respiratory virus stability and transmission rates. More recent research highlights the importance of the environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity, in modulating host intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses to viral infections in the respiratory tract. Here we review evidence of how outdoor and indoor climates are linked to the seasonality of viral respiratory infections. We further discuss determinants of host response in the seasonality of respiratory viruses by highlighting recent studies in the field. 2.1

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Seasonal variations of respiratory viruses and etiology of human rhinovirus infection in children

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Single- and multiple viral respiratory infections in children: disease and management cannot be related to a specific pathogen

Single- and multiple viral respiratory infections in children: disease and management cannot be related to a specific pathogen

High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections

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