Seasonal variations of heavy metals concentrations and pollution assessment of major dumpsites in Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Globally, natural and anthropogenic activities have led to soil pollution resulting in physiological and health challenges on environment, plants, animals, and humans. The present study was conducted to determine the total levels of heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), in two major dumpsites in Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: Sixteen composite soil samples were collected from both dumpsites (Cargo and Ilisan) at depths of 0-15 cm. Samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons. After collecting samples, they were air-dried and sieved, and the concentrations of metals were evaluated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The obtained data were used to determine the pollution indices including contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and ecological risk index. Results: The concentrations of heavy metals in Cargo dumpsite followed this order: Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd, during wet and dry seasons. Conversely, the concentrations of heavy metals in Ilisan dumpsite followed this order: Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd > Ni, over both seasons. The measured CF levels for both Cargo and Ilisan dumpsites were low to very high for Cd over both seasons. The Igeo revealed that both dumpsites were moderately to heavily polluted by Cd and Ilisan dumpsite was moderately polluted by Pb. A low to considerable ecological risk was observed for both dumpsites. Conclusion: The pollution indices suggest that both dumpsites were heavily polluted by Cd due to anthropogenic activities. Appropriate measures should be implemented to manage these dumpsites.

Concentration of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in rice (Oryza sativa) and probabilistic health risk assessment: A case study in Hormozgan province, Iran

“…Cd is an environmental pollutant heavy metal that enter the environment by both natural and synthetic sources (16)(17)(18). The most important sources of artificial soil contamination include discharge of sludge and industrial wastewater, the use of fertilizers and superphosphate, buried non-ferrous scrap in the ground and agricultural lands around mines of Pb and zinc or refineries (18)(19)(20)(21). Cd has a long biological half-life with the ability to accumulate in the liver and kidneys and damage them (22).…”

Evaluation of bioaccessibility of metals and health risk in agriculture soil in Al-Qadisiyah governorate, Iraq

“…Moreover, soil content of heavy metals has reached levels that are orders of magnitude higher than their levels in the natural background over the course of the last several decades as a direct result of anthropogenic activity, particularly in soils found in industrial areas. (Shokunbi et al, 2020). The primary sources of heavy metals in soil are naturally occurring soil native materials such as weathering and things that come from the outside, like the use of chemicals in farming, the wrong way to get rid of trash, industrial particulate emissions, dust, aerosols, and smoke from burning coal Some examples of these activities include: Other causes, such as volcanic eruptions and emissions from nuclear power plants, can also contribute to the presence of heavy metals in soils (Quan et al, 2015;Romic & Romic, 2003;Zhao et al, 2008).…”