Seasonal variations of gas exchange and water relations in deciduous and evergreen trees in monsoonal dry forests of Thailand

Ishida, Akira; Harayama, Hisanori; Yazaki, K.; Ladpala, Phanumard; Sasrisang, Amornrat; Kaewpakasit, Kanokwan; Panuthai, Samreong; Staporn, Duriya; Maeda, Tsuneaki; Gamo, Minoru; Diloksumpun, Sapit; Puangchit, Ladawan; Ishizuka, Moriyoshi

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpq025

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Além disso, diferenças pronunciadas na g s entre espécies decíduas e sempre verdes são comumente descritas em diversos ecossistemas sazonalmente secos (Chen et al 2009;Mediavilla & Escudero, 2003;Ishida et al 2006) e são interpretadas com uma demanda conflitante entre LF e eficiência hidráulica (Sobrado 1993;Ishida et al 2010;Fu et al 2012). Embora não observamos diferenças significativas na g s entre espécies decíduas e sempre verdes, acreditamos que a b a maior taxa fotossintética por unidade de massa nas espécies decíduas, ocorreu possivelmente por que essas espécies exibiram menor massa foliar por unidade de área, o que representa uma barreira física a difusão do CO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Embora espécies decíduas e sempre verdes demonstrem diferenças entre o uso de água e nutrientes (Kikuzawa 1991;Givnish 2002;Ishida et al 2010), ainda não é claro se durante o período de maior disponibilidade hídrica essas diferenças são mantidas. Em relação às trocas gasosas e uso da água, espécies decíduas são menos conservativas no uso da água, transpiram a elevadas taxas no período chuvoso em troca de maior ganho de carbono (Mediavilla & Escudero, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A longevidade foliar é um traço funcional que indica divergências no ganho de carbono e taxa de crescimento entre os grupos de espécies decíduas e sempre verdes (Kikuzawa 1991;Williams-Linera 2000;Ishida et al 2010). Geralmente esse traço é correlacionado positivamente com a massa foliar e negativamente com a capacidade fotossintética e o conteúdo foliar de nitrogênio e fósforo (Reich et al 1992;Williams-Linera 2000;Cordell et al 2001;Wright et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Divergências funcionais e estratégias de resistência à seca entre espécies decíduas e sempre verdes tropicais

et al. 2015

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ResumoAnalisamos a variação funcional entre espécies decíduas (ED) e sempre verdes (ESV) para compreender as divergências nas estratégias de tolerância e evitação à seca. O estudo foi realizado em um fragmento de floresta tropical sazonalmente seca, localizada no munícipio de Pentecoste (3°47'S, 39°16'W), Ceará, Brasil. Mensuramos 17 traços funcionais foliares em 17 ED e cinco ESV, sendo 12 morfofuncionais, um fenológico e quatro fisiológicos. Verificamos que as ED exibiram maior taxa de fotossíntese por massa (A massa ), menor longevidade foliar (LF) e massa foliar específica (MFE) quando comparadas às sempre verdes. Esses traços foram considerados traços-chaves preditores das estratégias de evitação e tolerância à seca. As ED e ESV apresentaram uma demanda conflitante entre tolerância à seca e taxa fotossintética, pois a LF foi negativamente correlacionada com à A massa . Embora tenham demonstrado diferenças claras na MFE e LF não observamos diferenças significativas na A área e g s , consequentemente, ED e ESV não diferiram na eficiência no uso da água durante o período chuvoso. Apesar da variabilidade substancial dentro do grupo, todas as ED exibem estratégia de evitação à seca enquanto que ESV exibem um conjunto de traços funcionais foliares relacionados a estratégia de tolerância à seca. Palavras-chave: Grupos fenológicos, tolerância à seca, evitação à seca. AbstractWe analyzed the functional variation between deciduous and evergreen species to understand the differences across the strategies of avoidance and tolerance to drought. Our study was carried in a fragment of seasonally dry tropical forest located in the city of Pentecoste (3°47'S, 39°16'W), Ceará, Brazil. We measured 17 functional leaf traits in 17 deciduous and five evergreen species, being 12 morphofunctional, one phenological and four physiological. We found that deciduous species exhibited greater A mass , lower leaf lifespan (LL) and leaf mass per area (LMA) than evergreen species. These traits were considered key predictor traits of avoidance and drought tolerance strategies. Deciduous and evergreen species showed a trade-off between drought tolerance and photosynthetic rate, LL was negatively correlated with A mass . Although we have shown clear differences in LMA and LL not observed significant differences in A area and g s , consequently, deciduous species and evergreen species did not find significant differences in WUE i and WUE. Despite substantial variability within the group, all deciduous species fall predominantly in the drought avoidance strategy, while evergreen species display a suite of traits related to drought tolerance.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Divergências funcionais e estratégias de resistência à seca entre espécies decíduas e sempre verdes tropicais

et al. 2015

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“…All measurements were conducted in November to December 2009, which is the beginning of the dry season. In the early dry season, leaf photosynthetic activities seemed high, especially in the dry evergreen forest, with high water storage in a thick soil layer 27,61,62 . In fact, the stomatal conductance in several trees showed relatively higher value in the early dry season 10 and soil and regolith were widely distributed throughout the study site 51 to a thickness exceeding 10 m.…”

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Variations in Leaf Photosynthetic and Morphological Traits with Tree Height in Various Tree Species in a Cambodian Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest

Tanaka

Yoneda

Sano

et al. 2012

JARQ

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In this study, we demonstrate changes in leaf morphological and physiological traits with tree height from dark understory to bright canopy conditions in various tree species in the Cambodian tropical dry evergreen forest. The vegetation mainly consisted of Dipterocarpaceae and Myristicaceae and the canopy trees usually reached 30-40 m in height. We investigated 25 individuals of 18 tree species ranging from 0.8 to 33 m in height. We measured the leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and respiration rate for 3 to 5 leaves per sampling position in the early dry season. All leaves were then divided into two parts: one for measuring dry weight, nitrogen content and δ 13 C; the other for observation of leaf morphology. The leaf morphological traits, such as leaf mass per area (LMA), cuticle thickness, palisade layer thickness, leaf hardness and stomatal density increased linearly with tree height. The leaf nitrogen content per unit leaf area (N area ) peaked at 10 m from the ground, though the nitrogen content per unit dry leaf mass (N mass ) decreased linearly with tree height. Higher LMA, cuticle thickness and hard leaves in canopy condition may contribute to high drought tolerance and physical strength. The leaf-area-based photosynthetic rate (A max-area ) peaked at an intermediate tree height of approximately 10 m, and then decreased toward the upper canopy. In contrast, the leafmass-based photosynthetic rate (A max-mass ) decreased linearly with tree height. Reduction of leaf nitrogen content and stomatal conductance mainly limit photosynthetic capacities with tree height. Overall, many leaf morphological traits could be summarized in a simple and significant relation with tree height, though increasing tree height, which is related to the micro-climatic gradient, leads to both nitrogen and stomatal constraints of leaf photosynthetic capacities, even when considering many different tree species.

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“…Detailed studies comparing plant water relations and hydraulics of evergreen and drought deciduous trees have been carried out in dry rainforests in Queensland [5] and dry forests in Costa Rica [6]. More recently, there have been studies comparing and contrasting the ecophysiology of evergreen trees from semi-evergreen forests and deciduous trees from dry forests in Thailand [7][8][9]. These latter studies have shown differences in ecophysiological adaptations of evergreen compared to drought deciduous trees in Thai forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Water Relations and Leaf Temperature in a Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest in Northeastern Thailand

Rundel

Boonpragob

Patterson

2017

Forests

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Deciduous dipterocarp forests across mainland Southeast Asia are dominated by two families: the Dipterocarpaceae and Fabaceae. Monsoon conditions produce strong seasonal climates with a hot dry season of 5-7 months extending from late November or early December through April or early May. Seasonal measurements of stomatal conductance and plant water potential found important differences between members of the two families. Despite their long dry season, Shorea siamensis and S. obtusa (Dipterocarpaceae) showed little significant patterns of seasonal change in xylem water potentials, with midday potentials never dropping below −1.3 MPa. These species present a classic example of isohydric strategies of adaptation where stomatal regulation maintains a relatively stable minimum water potential over the course of the year. However, maximum rates of stomatal conductance dropped sharply in the late dry season as the leaves heated in full sun without significant transpirational cooling, reaching as high as 44-45 • C, making them potentially sensitive to global increases in extreme temperature. The woody legumes Xylia kerrii and Dalbergia oliveri present different patterns of seasonal water relations and leaf response to high temperatures. The legumes exhibit anisohydric behavior where water potential decreases over the dry season as evaporative demand increases. Dry season midday water potentials dropped from high wet season levels to −2.4 to −3.2 MPa, moderately lowering maximum stomatal conductance. The relatively small leaflets of these legumes responded to the high temperatures of the late dry season by temporarily wilting, reducing their exposure to solar radiation and taking advantage of convective cooling. Large leaf size of dipterocarps in this community may not be an adaptive trait but rather an ancestral condition compensated for with ecophysiological adaptations.

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Seasonal variations of gas exchange and water relations in deciduous and evergreen trees in monsoonal dry forests of Thailand

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Divergências funcionais e estratégias de resistência à seca entre espécies decíduas e sempre verdes tropicais

Divergências funcionais e estratégias de resistência à seca entre espécies decíduas e sempre verdes tropicais

Variations in Leaf Photosynthetic and Morphological Traits with Tree Height in Various Tree Species in a Cambodian Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest

Seasonal Water Relations and Leaf Temperature in a Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest in Northeastern Thailand

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