Seasonal Variations in the Physico-chemical and Biological Characteristics of Al-Gharraf River within Al-Haay City Southern of Iraq.

Abstract

The study reports the seasonal changes in water quality of Al-Gharraf, one of the main tributaries of the Tigris river. Monthly sampling was carried out from December 2015 till November 2016 for a year. The study location situated in the south-eastern sector of Iraq and surrounded by wide and fertile agricultural lands. Three stations were selected to. The former is located at 5 km before entrance of AL-Hayy City as control. The second is situated at distance 5 km away from the former (mid of ALHayy City) represented study area and the latter station is located at 15 km apart from the second one (end of AL-Hayy City). collecting samples monthly ,two samples were taken each month.In the present study Fourteen physical and chemical parameters were analyzed based on the importance of these parameters. These Fourteen parameters are ranged as following: air temperature (16 to 32) ºC, water temperature (11 to 26) ºC, pH (7. The study results also showed that the heavy metals concentrations (cadmium and lead) were 0.002-0.089 ppm and 0.031-0.21 ppm respectively. Concentrations of these metals of Al-Gharraf River showed seasonal variations during the study period and they are exceeding permissible limits for Iraqi standard specifications and WHO standard for drinking.The highest bacterial count was recorded at sit.2 the during winter 2016, 2800 cell /1 ml , whereas the lowest value was found during summer 2016, 320 cell /100ml. whereas numbers of E.coli were (230-1700) cell/10ml. Key Words: physic -chemical and biological parameters, water quality, Al-Gharraf river. ‫التربية‬ ‫كلية‬ ‫مجلة‬ ‫والعشرون‬ ‫التاسع‬ ‫العدد‬ IntroductionRivers have always been the most important fresh water resources, and most developmental activities are still dependent upon them. Rivers play a major role in assimilating or carrying industrial and municipal waste water, manure discharge and runoff which are responsible for water river pollution[1] [2]. The degree of pollution is generally assessed by studying physical and chemical characteristics of the water bodies [3]. Iraqi inland waters witness tremendous impacts through discharges of manufacturers, agricultural and domestic sewage [4] [5]. Quite few studies were performed on Tigris River [6] [7] [8], but no work had considered Al-Gharraf canal in Al-Haay City. The present study has taken in consideration the investigation of abiotic conditions in this vital habitat on monthly basis.

Ecological study of some physical and chemical parameters of Al-Gharraf river and one water treatment plant in Wasit province, Iraq

“…The result of this study showed that the maximum value of T.H of raw water was ( 448 mg/L in September) and the minimum value of T.H was (335 mg/L in June) and the mean (405 mg/L) as shown in table (2). This results agree with (21) recorded that the range of total hardness of Al-Gharraf river was (306-496 mg/L). The highest values of T.H of water river due to the agricultural, Industrial and human wastes from the nearby lands that lead to raising the rates of hardness in the water (22).…”

“…The mean of TDS of raw water was ( 764 mg/L) as shown in Table (2). This result agree with (21) recorded higher values of TDS of Al-Gharraf river was (545-957) mg/L .…”

“…The high value of the chloride (Cl-) in this study was (119 mg/L) recorded in September while the low value was ( 91 mg/L) recorded in June and the mean was (106.6 mg/L)for the raw water Table (2). Higher concentrations of Clin this study Compatible with (28) who recorded in his study Cl-values were ranged between 95-160 mg/l in Al-Gharraf River.This result is coincided with (21) who recorded that the range of Cl in Al-Gharraf River was (89-184 mg/L).…”

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Drinking Water at Al-Hayy City, Southern Iraq.

“…Hayy plant, characterized by being relatively base through the pH values for all areas that did not fall below 7, and this result agreed with[12], they reported that Iraqi inland water is regarded to be on the alkaline side of neutrality, reflecting geological formations of the area and the results are agree with the finding that recorded by[13] [14].Thehighest values of turbidity in Al-Hayy plant was recorded on December 89 NTU for raw water sample and 20 NTU for drinking water sample, while the lowest values recorded in April with 30 NTU for raw water sample and 1…”

Assessment of water quality for Al-Salibat marsh\Southern Iraq

“…The highest mean value of pH was 9.5±1.6 in December and January St.2, While the lowest mean value 7.1±1.2 in October at St.1 (Table 3) this refers to the alkali pH caused by water rising from a depth, According to [36], Overly acidic or alkaline pH values have a negative impact on the survival of aquatic biota due to metabolic and respiratory problems.. Precipitation may be responsible for the pH value rising throughout the winter. Indicate [14] that during precipitation events the value of increases pH in an aquatic ecosystem due to alkaline runoff and precipitation significant variances between months and sites were revealed by statistical analysis, as well as a significant correlation between pH& DO (Figure 2).…”