Seasonal variations in some quality parameters of milk produced in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

Abstract

In this trial, 60 samples of raw cow's milk collected during summer and winter in five collective centers from Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran were analyzed for penicillin residues, somatic cell counts (SCC), mesophilic counts (TMC) and adulteration materials. The mean penicillin level (0.57 ± 0.20 μg/L) was much lower than the maximum permitted level (MPL) recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (4 μg/L). However, the mean SCC and TMC (Log 5.71 ± 0.08 cells/mL and Log 6.18 ± 0.11 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively) exceeded their respective MPLs adopted in Iran for grade C milk (Log 5.69 cells/mL and Log 6.0 CFU/mL, respectively), with higher counts (P < 0.05) in the summer. High frequencies of samples containing salt (53-60%), detergents (16-20%) and formalin (7-10%) were observed in milk samples, stressing the need for stringent control measures to improve the quality of milk delivered in the evaluated collection centers.

Seasonal Comparison of Microbial Hygiene Indicators in Raw and Pasteurized Milk and Cottage Cheese Collected across Dairy Value Chain in Three Regions of Ethiopia

“…A higher APC level during the dry season in raw milk has been reported by Elmoslemany et al (2010) (Canada), who found that the APC levels in summer were 0.33 and 0.21 times higher than in fall and winter, respectively [53]. Hajmohamnadi et al (2021) found the total bacteria count during summer (6.25 log cfu/mL) significantly higher than in winter (6.10 log cfu/mL) in raw milk collected from different parts of Iran [54]. In another similar study from Italy by Bertocchi et al (2014), they revealed that the APC load in raw milk collected during summer (9.99 log cfu/mL) and spring (9.87 log cfu/mL) was higher than in fall (9.84 log cfu/mL) and winter (9.83 log cfu/mL) [55].…”

“…In another similar study from Italy by Bertocchi et al (2014), they revealed that the APC load in raw milk collected during summer (9.99 log cfu/mL) and spring (9.87 log cfu/mL) was higher than in fall (9.84 log cfu/mL) and winter (9.83 log cfu/mL) [55]. In warm and humid environments, the growth and number of environmental bacteria in cows' bedding material increase owing to favorable temperature and humidity [54]. The bacteria most probably enter into dairy products in dairy farms that utilize traditional practices in countries like Ethiopia [56].…”

Seasonal variation of chemical content and heavy metal levels in raw milk

“…Similarly, Toghdory et al reported that as the environmental temperature increased, the level of milk protein and fat and the number of somatic cells decreased significantly [27]. Researchers in different studies have shown an increase in somatic cell count during the summer months [28,29]. It is estimated that this is due to the increased incidence of mastitis with temperature [29].…”

Cleaner production in the dairy industry: good practices in a dairy plant in the municipality of Valença – Rio and Janeiro, Brazil

“…No recent publications using CP in the sector were identified in the literature. Therefore, the motivation for this study arises once the dairy industry has significant economic and social relevance in Brazil, with high production and market share (Hajmohammadi et al, 2020;Lopes et al, 2020;Messias et al, 2022).…”