“…Due to its extent, the herbaceous layer provides a larger photosynthetic surface compared to the trees and could play a significant role in carbon fixation and ecosystem productivity (Pereira et al, 2007;Aires et al, 2008;Li et al, 2008) as well as influence soil nutrient and water balance (Joffre, 1990;Moreno et al, 2007). Due to the semiarid nature of the montado, the life cycle of the herbaceous plant community is confined to spring when soil moisture and temperatures favor their growth and development (Otieno et al, 2006;Pereira et al, 2007).…”