Seasonal Variations in Fatty Acid Composition of Oil in Developing Coconut

Kumar, Suresh; Balakrishna, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-4557.2009.00243.x

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…predominantly C12 and C14 and a small amount (0.2-1%) of C6 fatty acids [36-38]) and seeds of C. viscosissima (i.e. predominantly C8 and C10 fatty acids [39]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that CnFatB1 (producing primarily 8:0, 14:0, and 16:0 fatty acids), CnFatB2 (making mainly 14:0, 16:0, and 16:1 fatty acids) and CnFatB3 (producing mostly 8:0, 12:0, 14:0, and 14:1 fatty acids) might work together to determine the fatty acid composition of coconut oil, which contains primarily 12:0 (43-50%) and 14:0 (16-22%) and small amounts of 6:0, 8:0, and 10:0 fatty acids [36-38]. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that other acyl-ACP TEs are also expressed in coconut endosperm, and that they may be involved in determining the fatty acid composition of the oil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic and experimental characterization of an acyl-ACP thioesterase family reveals significant diversity in enzymatic specificity and activity

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAcyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (acyl-ACP TEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the thioester bond that links the acyl chain to the sulfhydryl group of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of ACP. This reaction terminates acyl chain elongation of fatty acid biosynthesis, and in plant seeds it is the biochemical determinant of the fatty acid compositions of storage lipids.ResultsTo explore acyl-ACP TE diversity and to identify novel acyl ACP-TEs, 31 acyl-ACP TEs from wide-ranging phylogenetic sources were characterized to ascertain their in vivo activities and substrate specificities. These acyl-ACP TEs were chosen by two different approaches: 1) 24 TEs were selected from public databases on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and fatty acid profile knowledge of their source organisms; and 2) seven TEs were molecularly cloned from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Cuphea viscosissima, organisms that produce medium-chain and short-chain fatty acids in their seeds. The in vivo substrate specificities of the acyl-ACP TEs were determined in E. coli. Based on their specificities, these enzymes were clustered into three classes: 1) Class I acyl-ACP TEs act primarily on 14- and 16-carbon acyl-ACP substrates; 2) Class II acyl-ACP TEs have broad substrate specificities, with major activities toward 8- and 14-carbon acyl-ACP substrates; and 3) Class III acyl-ACP TEs act predominantly on 8-carbon acyl-ACPs. Several novel acyl-ACP TEs act on short-chain and unsaturated acyl-ACP or 3-ketoacyl-ACP substrates, indicating the diversity of enzymatic specificity in this enzyme family.ConclusionThese acyl-ACP TEs can potentially be used to diversify the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to produce novel fatty acids.

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“…predominantly C12 and C14 and a small amount (0.2-1%) of C6 fatty acids [36-38]) and seeds of C. viscosissima (i.e. predominantly C8 and C10 fatty acids [39]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and experimental characterization of an acyl-ACP thioesterase family reveals significant diversity in enzymatic specificity and activity

et al. 2011

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“…The main product is the endosperm, which includes the liquid coconut endosperm and the solid coconut endosperm or meat and its by-products. The solid endosperm on average contains 46% oil that is primarily composed of lauric acid (C12 fatty acid) and alpha tocopherol [3,12,13]. Coconut oil is used in food products, for cosmetics and toiletries, detergents, surfactants and other industrial uses [1,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Of 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VCO is resistant to lipid peroxidation, and increases important antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide mutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), hepatic antioxidant enzymes and lipid-controlling enzymes (such as paraoxonase-1) that could protect against coronary heart disease [11,[28][29][30][31]. A comparison of the fatty acid composition in edible vegetable oils derived from coconut, oil palm, canola, corn, cottonseed, flax or linseed, olive, peanut, soybean and sunflower shows that coconut oil and palm oil are rich sources of lauric acid (C12) ( Table 1) and are considered to be of high economic value [3,5,16,[18][19][20]. Lauric acid is a medium-chain triglyceride that is beneficial for human health and nutrition [16].…”

Section: Of 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards the Understanding of Important Coconut Endosperm Phenotypes: Is there an Epigenetic Control?

et al. 2018

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The coconut is a major crop of many tropical countries, with the endosperm being one of its main products. The coconut soft-endosperm variants, the Makapuno and the Lono, are emerging as economically important. This review describes this crop, its salient endosperm phenotypes and the prevailing hypotheses associated with these. We also collate the literature on the Makapuno and provide a comprehensive review of the scarce information on the Lono. We review the current tenets of plant DNA methylation and provide examples of altered phenotypes associated with such methylation changes. We explore how the changes in the methylome affect endosperm development and the tissue culture process. We further cite the epigenetic basis of an altered endosperm phenotype of a closely related species to the coconut, the oil palm. We discuss how such modifications could affect coconut endosperm development, yielding the Makapuno and Lono phenotypes.

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