Seasonal variations in diet (δ13C) and climate (δ 18O) inferred through toxodonts enamel teeth during the Late Pleistocene in the brazilian intertropical region

Annual isotopic diet (δ13C) ofEremotherium laurillardi(Lund, 1842) and climate variation (δ18O) through the late Pleistocene in the Brazilian Intertropical Region

“…An annual cycle can be inferred in hypselodontic tooth based on maximum and minimum oxygen isotope values, the distance between two maximum or minimum peaks representing growth during 1 year. In proboscideans, an annual cycle is represented by every ~15 mm (e.g., Metcalfe and Longstaffe, 2012), in toxodonts, at 11–17 mm (Gomes et al, 2023), and in giant ground sloths ( E. laurillardi ), at ~70 mm (Larmon et al, 2019).…”

Stable isotope analysis evidences dietary changes in toxodontids (Mammalia, Notoungulata) across the Neogene-Quaternary from Argentina

“…Within the South American Pleistocene megafauna, isotopic data indicate that Toxodon was a generalist with a high dietary plasticity (e.g., MacFadden, 2005;Dantas et al, 2013Dantas et al, , 2017Pansani et al, 2019;Pérez-Crespo et al, 2020;Gomes et al, 2023;Varela et al, 2023) Holocene), Playa del Barco and Santa Rosa (MIS 2), shows δ 13 C values that ranged between -8.2 and -2.4‰ (x͂ = -5.9 ± 2.1‰, n = 18; Fig. 4).…”

“…In recent decades, isotopic studies focused on the late Cenozoic fauna of South America have become increasingly frequent (e.g., Domingo et al, 2012Domingo et al, , 2020Dantas et al, 2013Dantas et al, , 2020Dantas et al, , 2022Bocherens et al, 2016;Pansani et al, 2019;Sanz-Pérez et al, 2022, 2024Varela et al, 2023), although still, many questions remain. In this context, the number of works that include representatives of Toxodontidae is low, and most of them are limited to the Pleistocene genus Toxodon (e.g., Lopes et al, 2013;da Silva et al, 2019;Pansani et al, 2019;Gomes et al, 2023;Varela et al, 2023). It is particularly interesting the study of MacFadden (2005), who analyzed the ecology of Pleistocene Toxodon and Mixotoxodon by comparing values from different regions of South America.…”