Seasonal variations and osmoregulation in the red blood cells of the diamondback terrapin Malaclemys centrata centrata (latreille)

Gilles-Baillien, M.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(73)90102-3

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These results indicate that T. s. elegans is adapted to environments with salt levels less than 15‰. This phenomenon in our study is different from that in the terrapin going from fresh water to 50% sea water during which an increase in Na + and Cl -concentrations in its blood occurred but this entry of NaCl was rapidly balanced, probably through the intermediary of the orbital salt gland, since a steady-state of concentration is obtained in the blood after only 3 d (Gilles-baillien, 1973). Gilles-Baillien (1973) found that after M. terrapin was transferred from freshwater to 50% seawater, the plasma osmolarity increased from 309 mmol/l to 355 mOsm/kg, plasma Na + increased form 129 mmol/l to 156 mmol/l and plasma Cl -from 88 mmol/l to 113 mmol/l.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…So, there may be two factors on the blood urea concentration increased. One is maybe a reabsorption from urine probably at the level of the bladder where urea accumulate, which proposed by Gilles-Baillien (1970) who found that urea accumulation in M. terrapin exposed to seawater was not a result of increased urea production, but a consequence of increased urea retention in the urinary bladder. And the other is maybe the increase in the rate of urea synthesis.…”

Section: Increase In Urea Contents In Response To Increasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Salinity on the Survival, Ions and Urea Modulation in Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Hong¹,

Zhang²,

Chaohua³

et al. 2014

AHR

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To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups (salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group) were conducted. Inorganic ions, osmotic pressure, glucose and aldosterone of blood and urine in T. s. elegans (BW: 125.60 ± 19.84 g) were analyzed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d stress. The results showed that: 1) inorganic ions concentration of blood and urine increased with ambient salinity, which indicated that high influx of ions was combined with higher outflow when exposed to saline water in T. s. elegans. However, blood aldosterone decreased with increasing salinity, which indicated that an increased sodium intake resulting in a diminished aldosterone production. However, with elapsed time, inorganic ions in urine decreased, which indicated that inorganic ions in blood would be accumulated, and Na + and Cl -in the plasma inevitably build up to harmful levels, at last death was happening when T. s. elegans was exposed to salinity 25 during 90 d salinity stress; 2) blood osmotic pressure increased as ambient salinity increased, it would reach 400 mOsm/kg in the group of salinity 25, which was about 1.5 fold of the control group. Higher blood osmotic pressure was due to both higher blood ions and urea concentrations. There may be another mechanism to avoid an excess of NaCl together with an important loss of water using one of the end-products of nitrogen metabolism; 3) blood glucose in each group except the group of salinity 5 decreased with time elapsed and with salinity increased. Therefore, we can conclude that T. s. elegans is an osmoregulator that limits the entry of Na + and Cl -, but can also tolerate certain degrees of increases in plasma Na + and Cl -. When ambient salinity was lower than 15‰, T. s. elegans can increase blood osmotic pressure by balancing the entry of NaCl with the secretion of aldosterone decreased, and by accumulating blood urea for osmoregulation effectors, and survive for at least three months. These results could provide theoretical basis for salinity tolerance and the invasion on physiological mechanism for T. s. elegans.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Increase In Urea Contents In Response To Increasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity on the Survival, Ions and Urea Modulation in Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Hong¹,

Zhang²,

Chaohua³

et al. 2014

AHR

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“…The low level of plasma urea in salt water (12 mmol/1) is in sharp contrast to the large increase in urea seen in the only other euryhaline reptile studied in detail, Malaclemys terrapin, from 22 mmol/1 in fresh water to 115 mmol/1 in salt water (Gilles-Baillien 1970). The same species shows a rise in plasma osmotic pressure from 160 to 400 mOsm/1 in salt water, while both Na and Cl rise significantly.…”

Section: Plasma Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 73%

Plasma homeostasis and cloacal urine composition inCrocodylus porosus caught along a salinity gradient

Grigg

1981

J Comp Physiol B

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Summary. Juveniles of the Estuarine or Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, maintain both osmotic pressure and plasma electrolyte homeostasis along a salinity gradient from fresh water to the sea. In fresh water (FW) the cloacal urine is a clear solution rich in ammonium and bicarbonate and containing small amounts of white precipitated solids with high concentrations of calcium and magnesium. In salt water (SW) the cloacal urine has a much higher proportion of solids, cream rather than white in colour, which are the major route for excretion of potassium in addition to calcium and magnesium. Neither liquid nor solid fractions of the cloacal urine represent a major route for excretion of sodium chloride. The solids are urates and uric acid, and their production probably constitutes an important strategy for water conservation by C. porosus in SW. These data, coupled with natural history observations and the recent identification of lingual salt glands, contribute to the conclusion that C. porosus is able to live and breed in either fresh or salt water and may be as euryhaline as any reptile.

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“…Concentrations of plasma K + in April are noticeably higher than concentrations measured between October and March (Harden, 2013), suggesting an onset of feeding on isosmotic prey [e.g. Uca pugilator and Littorina littorea (Holmes and McBean, 1964;McCance and Shipp, 1933)] following a prolonged fast, as hypothesized by Gilles-Baillien (Gilles-Baillien, 1973). The increase in blood glucose upon emergence has been well documented among reptiles as an indicator of glycogenolysis and of increased intake of dietary carbohydrates, both of which are essential for fueling postdormancy activity (Emerson, 1967;Dessauer, 1970;Crawford, 1994;Moon et al, 1999;Pereira et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Total body water and water turnover rates in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) during the transition from dormancy to activity

Harden

Duernberger

Jones

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Water and salt concentrations in an animal's body fluids can fluctuate with changing environmental conditions, posing osmoregulatory challenges that require behavioral and physiological adjustments. The purpose of this study was to investigate body water dynamics in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin), a species that undergoes seasonal dormancy in salt marsh habitats. We conducted a field study to determine the total body water (%TBW), water turnover rate (WTR) and daily water flux (DWF) of female terrapins in south eastern North Carolina pre-and post-emergence from winter dormancy. Terrapins were injected with [ 2 H]deuterium on two occasions and washout of the isotope was monitored by taking successive blood samples during the period of transition from dormancy to activity. The WTR and DWF of dormant terrapins were significantly lower than those of active terrapins (WTR dormant =49.70±15.94 ml day ). There was no significant difference in %TBW between dormant and active terrapins (75.05±6.19% and 74.54±4.36%, respectively). The results from this field study provide insight into the terrapin's ability to maintain osmotic homeostasis while experiencing shifts in behavioral and environmental conditions.

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Seasonal variations and osmoregulation in the red blood cells of the diamondback terrapin Malaclemys centrata centrata (latreille)

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Salinity on the Survival, Ions and Urea Modulation in Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Effect of Salinity on the Survival, Ions and Urea Modulation in Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Plasma homeostasis and cloacal urine composition inCrocodylus porosus caught along a salinity gradient

Total body water and water turnover rates in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) during the transition from dormancy to activity

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