Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Grown in Castilla - La Mancha (Central Spain)

Abstract

Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common sage, Salvia officinalis L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield about 1.0%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituent was alpha thujone (40.1-46.5%). Other identified compounds are beta pinene (2.6-4.5%), cineole (3.5-8.7%), beta thujone (4.1-5.6%), camphor (4.1-8.0%), borneol (1.3-3.7%), alpha humulene (3.8-7.3%), viridiflorol (3.4-12.6%) and manool (0.1-4.5%). The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of alpha thujone in the period of initial flowering.

Salvia officinalis L. Essential Oils from Spain: Determination of Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, Antienzymatic, and Antimicrobial Bioactivities

“…To the best of our knowledge, only two studies have been carried out in Spain, in both of which 1,8‐cineole, α ‐thujone, and camphor were the major components, similarly to our study. However, SoEOs from Cuenca (central Spain) contained a lower percentage of total thujone than that observed in our study, and a higher percentage of α ‐pinene and linalool.…”

“…However, SoEOs from Cuenca (central Spain) contained a lower percentage of total thujone than that observed in our study, and a higher percentage of α ‐pinene and linalool. SoEOs from Guadalajara (central Spain) had a higher amount of viridiflorol and a similar amount of α ‐thujone to SoEO‐2 and ‐4 from the present study.…”

“…The data obtained in this and previous studies of relative compound concentrations showed a high degree of variability even between the main compounds, e.g., a-thujone ranged between 3.0 and 57.0%, and camphor ranged between 3.3 and 37.7%. [13] [14][23] [47] To the best of our knowledge, only two studies have been carried out in Spain, [17] [48] in both of which 1,8-cineole, a-thujone, and camphor were the major components, similarly to our study. However, SoEOs from Cuenca (central Spain) [48] contained a lower percentage of total thujone than that observed in our study, and a higher percentage of a-pinene and linalool.…”

Essential Oil Variation and Trace Metals Content in Garden Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Grown at Different Environmental Conditions

“…3;2014 2007; Abu- Darwish et al, 2010). This is confirmed by the results of oil content recorded in the worldwide regions of Egypt (1.52-1.65%) (Khalil et al, 2008), Lithuania (0.7-1.4%) (Bernotienė et al, 2007), Bosnia and Herzegovina (0.29%-1.07%) (Maric et al, 2006), Algeria 0.9% (Dob et al, 2007) and Spain 1.4-2.0 (Arraiza et al, 2012).…”

Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing

“…However, this expression is modulated by so many factors like developmental stage (ontogeny), organ and tissue, glandular trichome morphology and environmental conditions such temperature, day length and light (Grausgruber-Gröger et al, 2012;Sangwan et al, 2001). Seasonal variation in essential oils and their main monoterpenes have been reported (Abu darwish et al, 2011;Arraiza et al, 2012). However, the variation in a specific metabolite in the present study for essential oil major constituents and rosmarinic acid in S. officinalis cultivated under different intra-row spacing during vegetative stage could be a result of plant physiological adaptation to space confinement in closer spacing or the availability of space in wider spacing (Al-Ramamneh, 2009).…”