Seasonal Variation in Waterfowl Nesting Success and Its Relation to Cover Management in the Canadian Prairies

Emery, Robert B.; Howerter, David W.; Armstrong, Llwellyn M.; Anderson, M.; Devries, James H.; Joynt, Brian L.

doi:10.2193/0022-541x(2005)069[1181:sviwns]2.0.co;2

Cited by 65 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Nest survival of ducks in spring-seeded cropland is low compared to most other habitat types (Klett et al 1988, Greenwood et al 1995), ranging from < 1-4% (Richkus 2002), 2% (Greenwood et al 1995), and 7% (Klett et al 1988). Devries et al (2008a) reported a relatively high nest success rate of 12% in spring-seeded cropland and opined that this may have been a result of their inclusion of late-season nests because success rates in spring-seeded cropland can increase substantially throughout the growing season (Emery et al 2005). Recently, one of us (JHD) modeled mean pintail nest success in spring-seeded cropland to be 5.1% (i.e., daily survival rate = 0.9111 + 0.0146; Table 2) based on the fate of 153 nests in cropland (Devries et al 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural destruction of Northern Pintail nests on cropland in prairie Canada

Duncan¹,

Devries²

2018

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ABSTRACT. It has been postulated that the decline of the Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) population is related to the propensity of female pintails to nest in cropland. Using spatial modeling at multiple scales, we estimated that the long-term average breeding population of Northern Pintails in prairie Canada would have initiated a mean of 974,260 nests/year, of which 47% (457,900 +/-43,270) would have been in cropland. Nest success rates are very low (5%) in spring-seeded cropland with predation and agricultural activity responsible for approximately 78% and 22% of the nest loss, respectively. We estimated that a long-term mean of 94,750 (+/-19,680) nests representing 524,725 pintail eggs would have been destroyed by agricultural seeding and tillage operations on cropland annually. The number of nests/eggs lost in any given year would vary by an order of magnitude dependent primarily upon the size of the pintail population nesting on the prairies in that year. Our estimate of incidental take is quite robust because it is based on multiple, long-term studies using data from across the Canadian prairies. Our analysis provides additional support for the theory that the pintail's habit of nesting in cropland is the probable reason for the decline in the pintail population, irrespective of the cause of nest loss. Although predation is the primary cause of the loss of pintail nests in cropland, the proportion of nests lost to predation in cropland is similar to that in other upland habitats on the prairies. Thus the additional loss from agriculture could well be incremental and may be the proximate causative factor in the pintail population's decline and failure to recover in recent decades. Destruction de nids de Canard pilet causée par l'agriculture sur les terres cultivées des Prairies canadiennesRÉSUMÉ. Une des raisons avancées pour expliquer la diminution de la population de Canard pilet (Anas acuta) est en lien avec la propension des femelles à nicher sur les terres cultivées. Au moyen de modélisation spatiale à de multiples échelles, nous avons estimé que la population nicheuse moyenne de longue date de Canard pilet des Prairies canadiennes aurait initié une moyenne de 974 260 nids/année, dont 47 % (457 900 +/-43 270) se seraient trouvés sur les terres cultivées. Le taux de succès des nids est très faible (5 %) sur les terres à culture de printemps, où la prédation et les activités agricoles sont responsables de 78 % et de 22 % des pertes de nids, respectivement. Nous avons estimé qu'une moyenne de 94 750 (+/-19 680) nids équivalant à 524 725 oeufs de pilets auraient été détruits annuellement par les opérations de travail du sol et d'ensemencement sur les terres cultivées. Le nombre de nids/oeufs détruits au cours d'une année donnée variait d'abord en fonction de la taille de la population de pilets nichant dans les Prairies cette année-là. Notre estimation de la prise accessoire est assez fiable parce qu'elle est fondée sur de multiples recherches de longue date utilisant des données provenant des Prairies ca...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural destruction of Northern Pintail nests on cropland in prairie Canada

Duncan¹,

Devries²

2018

ACE

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“…Survival can vary with age of the nest and nest initiation date in both grassland passerines and uplandnesting ducks, although time-specific patterns in survival rates are reportedly inconsistent among regions and species (emery et al 2005;Grant et al 2005;Davis et al 2006;Grant and Shaffer 2012). Survival was highest for nests initiated early in the breeding season for five of the seven species in our study.…”

Section: Nest Survivalmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…for many bird species, nest survival can vary with age of the nest, date in the nesting season, or year. recent studies conducted in the northern Great Plains show that duck and passerine nest survival is influenced by the date a nest is initiated (emery et al 2005;Grant et al 2005;Davis et al 2006;Kerns et al 2010;Grant and Shaffer 2012). More specifically, Grant et al (2005) demonstrated that Claycolored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) and Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) nests initiated early in the season had higher survival rates than nests initiated later in the season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do ducks and songbirds initiate more nests when the probability of survival is greater?

Grant

Shaffer

2015

Can Field Nat

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. 2015. Do ducks and songbirds initiate more nests when the probability of survival is greater? Canadian field-Naturalist 129(4): 323-330.Nesting chronology in grassland birds can vary by species, locality, and year. The date a nest is initiated can influence the subsequent probability of its survival in some grassland bird species. Because predation is the most significant cause of nest loss in grassland birds, we examined the relation between timing of nesting and nest survival. Periods of high nest survival that correspond with the peak of nesting activity might reflect long-term adaptations to specific predation pressures commonly recurring during certain periods of the nesting cycle. We evaluated this theory by comparing timing of nesting with date-specific nest survival rates for several duck and passerine species breeding in north-central North Dakota during 1998-2003. Nest survival decreased seasonally with date for five of the seven species we studied. We found little evidence to support consistent relations between timing of nesting, the number of nest initiations, and nest survival for any species we studied, suggesting that factors other than nest predation may better explain nesting chronology for these species. The apparent mismatch between date-specific patterns of nest survival and nest initiation underscores uncertainty about the process of avian nest site selection driven mainly by predation. Although timing of nesting differed among species, the general nesting period was fairly predictable across all years of study, suggesting the potential for research activities or management actions to be timed to take advantage of known periods when nests are active (or inactive). however, our results do not support the notion that biologists can take advantage of periods when many nests are active and survival is also high.

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“…Other studies have reported seasonal variation in nest success in ducks (Klett and Johnson 1982, Hepp and Kennamer 1993, Emery et al 2005, Devries et al 2008, which may be related to age or condition of the nesting hen (Hohman 1986) or changes in predator behavior or nesting cover throughout the season. Such changes might also be influenced by nest and nest-site characteristics that influence predator encounter rates (Gerell 1970, Barding andNelson 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest and brood survival of Ring-necked Ducks in relation to anthropogenic development and wetland attributes

Roy¹

2018

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ABSTRACT. The boreal and hemiboreal forests are facing increasing anthropogenic development in areas that have traditionally been remote and inaccessible. Although these forests are recognized as important to breeding waterfowl, breeding season vital rates and the influence of anthropogenic development on these rates remain largely unexplored. I estimated nest and brood survival of Ring-necked Ducks (Aythya collaris) in the hemiboreal forest of Minnesota. I located 115 nests on 43 wetlands, radio-tagged 65 nesting hens, and monitored 32 broods. I considered the influence of distance to and density of buildings and roads, and road-surface type, as well as wetland characteristics and other variables hypothesized to influence waterfowl vital rates. The best-supported nest survival models included covariates for distance from the nest to nearest road and road-surface type. Nest survival declined with increasing distance from roads and was higher for nests near paved roads, at least when the distance was < 400 m. However, an interaction term in the topranked model suggested the effect of road type varied as a function of distance from nest. The model-averaged estimate of 35-day nest survival, based on the top two models was 0.278 (SE = 0.048). Brood survival increased with brood age and open water area, and decreased with nesting habitat area and distance from open water to nearest road. Cumulative brood survival to 30 days was 0.263 (SE = 0.035). These findings indicate that roads may influence both nest and brood survival. Furthermore, higher brood survival at wetlands with less nesting habitat area and more open water area may explain why hens move broods. Conservation managers should consider how habitat needs change throughout the breeding season to adequately address the needs of Ring-necked Ducks. Further study is needed to understand how anthropogenic development can be incorporated into conservation planning. Survie des nids et des couvées de Fuligules à collier en relation avec le développement d'origine anthropique et les caractéristiques des milieux humidesRÉSUMÉ. Les forêts boréales et hémi-boréales subissent une augmentation du développement d'origine anthropique dans des régions qui étaient autrefois éloignées et inaccessibles. Bien qu'on sache que ces forêts sont importantes pour la nidification de la sauvagine, les paramètres vitaux en saison de nidification et l'influence du développement d'origine anthropique sur ce groupe d'oiseaux demeurent grandement inexplorés. Les taux de survie de nids et de couvées de Fuligules à collier (Aythya collaris) ont été estimés dans la forêt hémi-boréale du Minnesota. Cent-quinze nids situés dans 43 milieux humides ont été localisés, 56 femelles nicheuses ont été équipées d'émetteurs radios et 32 couvées ont été suivies. L'effet de la distance et de la densité des bâtiments et des routes ont été examinés, tout comme le type de revêtement des routes, de même que les caractéristiques des milieux humides et d'autres variables pouvant influer les taux de survie de la s...

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Seasonal Variation in Waterfowl Nesting Success and Its Relation to Cover Management in the Canadian Prairies

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Agricultural destruction of Northern Pintail nests on cropland in prairie Canada

Agricultural destruction of Northern Pintail nests on cropland in prairie Canada

Do ducks and songbirds initiate more nests when the probability of survival is greater?

Nest and brood survival of Ring-necked Ducks in relation to anthropogenic development and wetland attributes

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