Seasonal Variation in Volatile Oil, Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity in Extract of Laurus nobilis Grown in Iran

Abstract

Abstract:The leaves of Laurus nobilis were collected in the middle of four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) to determine the best harvesting time for obtaining the highest oil yield, 1,8-cineole and polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. After drying the plant materials in shade, their EOs (essential oils) were obtained by hydro-distillation method. Analysis of variance showed harvesting time had significant effect on the oil yields of L. nobilis. Seventy one components were identified in the oils of L. nobilis with 1, 8-cineole (5.7%--terpinyl acetate (3.2%-13.1%), sabinene (2.3%-12.0%), beta-elemene (0.2%-17.7%) and (E)-caryophyllene (0.2%-16.9%) as the main constituents in different seasons. The predominant phenolic constituents in L. nobilis were cinnamic acid, carvacrol, quercetin and coumarin, respectively. Gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, chloregenic acid, p-Comaric acid and rutin were not detected in any seasons. The best antioxidant activity was in spring (268.6 µg/mL) and the lowest one was in winter (702.1 µg/mL).

Comparative study on the chemical composition of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves from Greece and Georgia and the antibacterial activity of their essential oil

“…The EO content of laurel leaves was similar to that in some literature reports but different from other reports, most probably due to environmental and genotypic differences. Previous studies reported that the EO content of dried laurel leaves was 0.2% to 4.3% ( Abu-Dahab et al., 2014 ; Bahmanzadegan et al., 2015 ; El et al., 2014 ; Fidan et al., 2019 ; Shokoohinna et al., 2014 ; Vasundhara et al., 2016 ). The reported differences in the EO content and yield between this study and literature reports may also be due to environmental, harvest, and postharvest processing factors.…”

“…The essential oil (EO) content of laurel leaves has been reported to range between 0.2% and 4.3% depending on the location, harvesting time, and EO extraction type and conditions (e.g. hydrodistillation or steam distillation) ( Abu-Dahab et al., 2014 ; Bahmanzadegan et al., 2015 ; El et al., 2014 ; Fidan et al., 2019 ; Shokoohinna et al., 2014 ; Vasundhara et al., 2016 ). Previous research has shown that up to 270 EO constituents may be found in laurel leaves, the major ones being 1,8-cineole (22–56%), linalool (0.9–26.9%), α -terpinyl acetate (4.5–18.2%), α- pinene (2.2–15.9%), β- pinene (1.9–15.3%), sabinene (4.5–12.7%), α -terpineol (0.9–12.0%), terpineol-4 (0.9–4.1%) ( Abu-Dahab et al., 2014 ; Bahmanzadegan et al., 2015 ; Chahal et al., 2017 ; El et al., 2014 ; Fidan et al., 2019 ; Goudjil et al., 2015 ; Shokoohinna et al., 2014 ; Vasundhara et al., 2016 ).…”

“…hydrodistillation or steam distillation) ( Abu-Dahab et al., 2014 ; Bahmanzadegan et al., 2015 ; El et al., 2014 ; Fidan et al., 2019 ; Shokoohinna et al., 2014 ; Vasundhara et al., 2016 ). Previous research has shown that up to 270 EO constituents may be found in laurel leaves, the major ones being 1,8-cineole (22–56%), linalool (0.9–26.9%), α -terpinyl acetate (4.5–18.2%), α- pinene (2.2–15.9%), β- pinene (1.9–15.3%), sabinene (4.5–12.7%), α -terpineol (0.9–12.0%), terpineol-4 (0.9–4.1%) ( Abu-Dahab et al., 2014 ; Bahmanzadegan et al., 2015 ; Chahal et al., 2017 ; El et al., 2014 ; Fidan et al., 2019 ; Goudjil et al., 2015 ; Shokoohinna et al., 2014 ; Vasundhara et al., 2016 ). Similarly to other EO-containing plants, the composition of laurel leaf EO has been shown to vary significantly as a function of the environment, genotype, and the type and duration of the distillation process ( Abu-Dahab et al., 2014 ; Bahmanzadegan et al., 2015 ; Chahal et al., 2017 ; El et al., 2014 ; Fidan et al., 2019 ; Goudjil et al., 2015 ; Shokoohinna et al., 2014 ; Vasundhara et al., 2016 ).…”

“…(2017) . In addition, laurel leaf EO has exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activities ( Bahmanzadegan et al., 2015 ; Caputo et al., 2017 ; Dias et al., 2014 ; El et al., 2014 ; Fidan et al., 2019 ).…”

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oils from Bulgaria

“…The laurel EOs have demonstrated antimicrobial [14,15,16,17,18,24,26,29,30,31,32,33], antioxidant [12,15,16,20,21,23,26,32,33], and pharmacological properties [13,33]. Because of its biological activity, laurel leaf EO could be considered a natural supplement or antioxidant in cosmetics [1,34] and medicine [1,8].…”