Seasonal variation in the herbage yield and nutritive value of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars with high or normal herbage water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations grown in three contrasting Australian dairy environments

Smith, K. F.; Simpson, Richard J.; Oram, R. N.; Lowe, KF; Kelly, K. B.; Evans, P. M.; Humphreys, Mervyn O.

doi:10.1071/ea98064

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The higher fibre concentration of the lower WSC grass was expected because higher WSC grasses tend to have proportionately less structural carbohydrate to account for the elevated WSC fraction of the plant [20]. The reduction in crude protein concentration reported by Humphreys [9] in grasses of high WSC concentration was not observed here, in accordance with the findings of Smith et al [23].…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Herbage Intakesupporting

confidence: 81%

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Production responses from lambs grazed on Lolium perenne selected for an elevated water-soluble carbohydrate concentration

et al. 2001

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-Liveweight gain was assessed in lambs grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) bred for an elevated water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration (experimental var. Ba11353) compared to an intermediate WSC control (var. AberElan). Both grass varieties had similar heading dates and overall forage yield characteristics. The two grasses were sown separately in each of three replicate sward plots (0.137 ha each) laid out in a randomised block design. A core group of five Welsh Mountain ewes and their singleton lambs (Bluefaced Leicester, sire), initial liveweights of 50 and 14 kg (s.e. 0.6 and 0.3), respectively, were continuously stocked on these plots over three consecutive 21 d experimental periods. Swards were maintained at a target surface height of 6-7 cm with the use of sward adjustment animals. Core sheep were weighed every three weeks and adjustment animals whenever they were added to or removed from the plots. Lamb liveweight gain (g . d -1 ) was calculated from the core group of lambs. Lamb production (kg liveweight . ha -1 over each 21d period) was calculated from the liveweight change of all the lambs. Water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations were higher (P = 0.03) and neutral detergent fibre concentrations (NDF) were lower (P = 0.01) in the high WSC grass (HWSC) compared to the control. In vitro dry matter digestibilities (DMD) were higher for HWSC (P < 0.01). Lamb liveweight gain (P = 0.03) and production (P = 0.06) were greater on HWSC compared with the control by approximately 12 and 23%, respectively. The increased lamb production resulted from the combined effect of higher liveweight gains and carrying capacity on HWSC. Correlation matrices indicated strong relationships between liveweight gain and grass WSC concentration (r = 0.67; P < 0.05) and fibre concentration (r = -0.73; P < 0.05). The results show that grazing forages selected for elevated concentrations of WSC and reduced fibre, compared to a control increases the liveweight gain of suckling lambs.water-soluble carbohydrate / grazing / lambs / Lolium perenne / liveweight gain M.R.F. Lee et al. 442

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Section: Chemical Composition and Herbage Intakesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Grass breeding has resulted in the development of forage grasses with increased concentrations of WSC (20-40% of DM) compared to conventional commercial varieties (10-15% of DM) [9,10,20,23]. In initial lamb production experiments liveweight gain (g .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production responses from lambs grazed on Lolium perenne selected for an elevated water-soluble carbohydrate concentration

et al. 2001

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“…While their study used trial sites of 25 m 2 and achieved higher yields, the soil type, climatic conditions, plantation age and topsoil C stocks were similar to those reported here. The differences between these two studies may be due to the quantity and quality of the C3 SOM; generally perennial ryegrass (the prior land use in Zatta et al [41]) has more fine root biomass in topsoils [86], lower C:N [87] and lower lignin content [88] than winter wheat (the prior land use in our study) [89,90]. This may suggest that while priming does act on the grassland SOM, it does not on the winter wheat SOM.…”

Section: Evidence For Priming Of Sommentioning

confidence: 39%

Carbon Inputs from Miscanthus Displace Older Soil Organic Carbon Without Inducing Priming

et al. 2016

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The carbon (C) dynamics of a bioenergy system are key to correctly defining its viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuel energy sources. Recent studies have quantified the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of these bioenergy crops, often concluding that C sequestration in soils plays a primary role in offsetting emissions through energy generation. Miscanthus is a particularly promising bioenergy crop and research has shown that soil C stocks can increase by more than 2 t C ha −1 yr −1 . In this study, we use a stable isotope ( 13 C) technique to trace the inputs and outputs from soils below a commercial Miscanthus plantation in Lincolnshire, UK, over the first 7 years of growth after conversion from a conventional arable crop. Results suggest that an unchanging total topsoil (0-30 cm) C stock is caused by Miscanthus additions displacing older soil organic matter. Further, using a comparison between bare soil plots (no new Miscanthus inputs) and undisturbed Miscanthus controls, soil respiration was seen to be unaffected through priming by fresh inputs or rhizosphere. The temperature sensitivity of old soil C was also seen to be very similar with and without the presence of live root biomass. Total soil respiration from control plots was dominated by Miscanthus-derived emissions with autotrophic respiration alone accounting for ∼50 % of CO 2 . Although total soil C stocks did not change significantly over time, the Miscanthus-derived soil C accumulated at a rate of 860 kg C ha −1 yr −1 over the top 30 cm. Ultimately, the results from this study indicate that soil C stocks below Miscanthus plantations do not necessarily increase during the first 7 years.

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“…This is of key importance if the aim of increasing fructan concentrations is to improve the nutritive value of perennial ryegrass through increasing the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates [16]. Increasing the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates is important for grazing ruminants as it serves to increase both the energy concentration of the herbage but also plays a role in improving the synchrony of fermentation in the rumen and hence the efficiency of conversion of ingested grass into animal products [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Programming Photosynthetic Cells of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) for Fructan Biosynthesis through Transgenic Expression of Fructan Biosynthetic Genes under the Control of Photosynthetic Promoters

et al. 2017

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High molecular weight fructans are the main class of water-soluble carbohydrate used for energy storage in many temperate grass species including perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). As well as being important readily mobilisable energy reserves for the plant, fructans are also involved in stress tolerance. Fructans are also readily digested by grazing ruminants and hence are a valuable source of energy for sheep, beef and dairy production systems in temperate regions. This paper describes the re-programming of the expression of fructan biosynthesis genes through the transgenic manipulation of 6-glucose fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT) and sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl-transferase (1-SST) in perennial ryegrass. Transgenic events were developed with altered fructan accumulation patterns with increases in fructan accumulation and greatly increased accumulation of fructan in leaf blades as opposed to the traditional site of fructan accumulation in the pseudostem. This altered site of fructan accumulation has potential benefits for animal production as leaf blades form the major part of the diet of grazing ruminants. Some of the transgenic events also exhibited enhanced biomass production. This combination of high quality and enhanced yield is of great interest to forage plant breeders and whilst the expression of these phenotypes needs to be confirmed under field conditions, the identification and characterisation of the transgenic events described in this paper validate the potential for the manipulation of fructan biosynthesis in perennial ryegrass.

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Seasonal variation in the herbage yield and nutritive value of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars with high or normal herbage water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations grown in three contrasting Australian dairy environments

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Production responses from lambs grazed on Lolium perenne selected for an elevated water-soluble carbohydrate concentration

Production responses from lambs grazed on Lolium perenne selected for an elevated water-soluble carbohydrate concentration

Carbon Inputs from Miscanthus Displace Older Soil Organic Carbon Without Inducing Priming

Re-Programming Photosynthetic Cells of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) for Fructan Biosynthesis through Transgenic Expression of Fructan Biosynthetic Genes under the Control of Photosynthetic Promoters

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