Seasonal Variation in the Height of Boll Weevil
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Flight
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Rummel, D. R.; Jordan, L. B.; White, John R.; Wade, L. J.

doi:10.1093/ee/6.5.674

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…But even weak flying insects can disperse great distances when flying with the wind (Riley et al, 1995;Lushai and Loxdale, 2004), and boll weevils are no exception (Culin et al, 1990;Westbrook et al, 2000Westbrook et al, , 2011Stadler and Buteler, 2007;Kim et al, 2010). Especially late in the season after cotton harvest, they have been detected with traps and aircraft tow-nets flying high above the ground (Glick, 1939;Taft and Jernigan, 1964;Rummel et al, 1977), where wind-aided dispersal is most efficient (Taylor, 1974;Drake and Farrow, 1988). Yearly range-expansion data incorporate dispersal events over more than one generation and thus do not translate directly into individual dispersal distances.…”

Section: Boll Weevil Dispersal and Eradication-backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics strategies to characterize long-distance dispersal of insects

Kim

Sappington

2013

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology

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Population genetics strategies offer an alternative and powerful approach for obtaining information about long-distance movement, and have been widely used for examining patterns and magnitude of insect dispersal over geographic and temporal scales. Such strategies are based on the principle that genetic divergence between local populations reflects the interplay between genetic drift and gene flow, and thus can function as an indicator of dispersal capacity. Relatively new approaches for inferring population history are widely applicable for documenting introduction routes of invasive or quarantine species. These approaches are based on genetic variability calculated from changes in gene frequency of subpopulations, measured using molecular genetic markers. Inferences from population genetics can supplement and corroborate conventional observational approaches for characterizing insect dispersal and have provided important clues to many questions raised in the field of behavior and ecology of insects. Here, we summarize our work on the boll weevil as a case study to illustrate the kinds of information on dispersal capacity and dispersal patterns that can be obtained from population genetics techniques that would be difficult or impossible to acquire in other ways. Then we provide examples of how the molecular markers and population genetics tools have been applied to answer immediate questions of relevance to eradication program managers. Though the latter are idiosyncratic to this particular pest, they demonstrate the kinds and range of problems that can be addressed in other systems through application of population genetics strategies. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Population genetics strategies offer an alternative and powerful approach for obtaining information about long-distance movement, and have been widely used for examining patterns and magnitude of insect dispersal over geographic and temporal scales. Such strategies are based on the principle that genetic divergence between local populations reflects the interplay between genetic drift and gene flow, and thus can function as an indicator of dispersal capacity. Relatively new approaches for inferring population history are widely applicable for documenting introduction routes of invasive or quarantine species. These approaches are based on genetic variability calculated from changes in gene frequency of subpopulations, measured using molecular genetic markers. Inferences from population genetics can supplement and corroborate conventional observational approaches for characterizing insect dispersal and have provided important clues to many questions raised in the field of behavior and ecology of insects. Here, we summarize our work on the boll weevil as a case study to illustrate the kinds of information on dispersal capacity and dispersal patterns that can be obtained from population genetics tech...

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Section: Boll Weevil Dispersal and Eradication-backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics strategies to characterize long-distance dispersal of insects

Kim

Sappington

2013

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology

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“…Boll weevils are diurnal fliers and have been captured in aircraft tow-nets at altitudes ranging from 30 to 600 m (Glick 1939;Rummel et al 1977). Therefore, trajectories were estimated every day from 13 August to 10 September 2007 for 6 h of transport at a representative altitude of 500 m above ground level.…”

Section: Atmospheric Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The boll weevil exhibits this pattern of both short-and long-distance movement, called stratified dispersal, which enhances invasion potential (Liebhold & Tobin 2008). Most boll weevils during most of the year move relatively short distances, of the order of about 15 km or less (Johnson et al 1975(Johnson et al , 1976Rummel et al 1977;Raulston et al 1996). However, trapping studies and estimates of gene flow indicate that natural dispersal of boll weevils over hundreds of kilometres is not uncommon (Guerra 1988;Spurgeon et al 1997;Kim & Sappington 2004b,c, 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the origin of immigrant insects in general is challenging, but several methods are applicable to boll weevils. In late summer and early autumn, there tend to be more boll weevils flying high above the canopy (Glick 1939;Taft & Jernigan 1964;Rummel et al 1977) where the effect of wind on dispersal is greater than near the surface. Atmospheric dispersion models can help in determining whether wind events were a likely transport mechanism, and if so, to reconstruct the incoming trajectory of immigrants (Westbrook et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidisciplinary fingerprints: forensic reconstruction of an insect reinvasion

Kim

Jones²,

Westbrook³

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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An unexpected outbreak of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis , an insect pest of cotton, across the Southern Rolling Plains (SRP) eradication zone of west-central Texas, USA, was detected soon after passage of Tropical Storm Erin through the Winter Garden district to the south on 16 August 2007. The synchrony and broad geographic distribution of the captured weevils suggest that long-distance dispersal was responsible for the reinvasion. We integrated three types of assessment to reconstruct the geographic origin of the immigrants: (i) DNA fingerprinting; (ii) pollen fingerprinting; and (iii) atmospheric trajectory analysis. We hypothesized the boll weevils originated in the Southern Blacklands zone near Cameron, or in the Winter Garden district near Uvalde, the nearest regions with substantial populations. Genetic tests broadly agree that the immigrants originated southeast of the SRP zone, probably in regions represented by Uvalde or Weslaco. The SRP pollen profile from weevils matched that of Uvalde better than that of Cameron. Wind trajectories supported daily wind-aided dispersal of weevils from the Uvalde region to the SRP from 17 to 24 August, but failed to support migration from the Cameron region. Taken together the forensic evidence strongly implicates the Winter Garden district near Uvalde as the source of reinvading boll weevils.

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“…Using a vertical profile of traps, Rummel et al (1977) found that weevils make short flights near the ground in the spring, and flights from the ground to greater than 100 m altitude in the late season. Aircraft-towed nets collected a majority (67%) of dispersing weevils at altitudes below 152.4 m (Glick 1957;Glick and Noble 1961).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for long-distance dispersal of boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Westbrook¹,

Eyster²,

Allen³

2010

Int J Biometeorol

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The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis (Boheman), has been a major insect pest of cotton production in the US, accounting for yield losses and control costs on the order of several billion US dollars since the introduction of the pest in 1892. Boll weevil eradication programs have eliminated reproducing populations in nearly 94%, and progressed toward eradication within the remaining 6%, of cotton production areas. However, the ability of weevils to disperse and reinfest eradicated zones threatens to undermine the previous investment toward eradication of this pest. In this study, the HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion model was used to simulate daily wind-aided dispersal of weevils from the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Simulated weevil dispersal was compared with weekly capture of weevils in pheromone traps along highway trap lines between the LRGV and the South Texas/Winter Garden zone of the Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Program. A logistic regression model was fit to the probability of capturing at least one weevil in individual pheromone traps relative to specific values of simulated weevil dispersal, which resulted in 60.4% concordance, 21.3% discordance, and 18.3% ties in estimating captures and non-captures. During the first full year of active eradication with widespread insecticide applications in 2006, the dispersal model accurately estimated 71.8%, erroneously estimated 12.5%, and tied 15.7% of capture and non-capture events. Model simulations provide a temporal risk assessment over large areas of weevil reinfestation resulting from dispersal by prevailing winds. Eradication program managers can use the model risk assessment information to effectively schedule and target enhanced trapping, crop scouting, and insecticide applications.

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Seasonal Variation in the Height of Boll Weevil 1 Flight 2

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Population genetics strategies to characterize long-distance dispersal of insects

Population genetics strategies to characterize long-distance dispersal of insects

Multidisciplinary fingerprints: forensic reconstruction of an insect reinvasion

A model for long-distance dispersal of boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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