Seasonal variation in home blood pressure and its relationship with room temperature in patients with type 2 diabetes

Yoon

et al. 2021

Preprint

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been required to follow preventive measures such as government policy including the closure of exercise facilities and movement restriction, can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. We investigated the effect of these preventive measures on metabolic parameters in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders.Methods: In the current retrospective observational study of patients who visited the hospital at least twice a year for the past 4 years, changes in cardiometabolic factors from the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020) were compared with changes in the same cohort at the same annual time points during the previous seasons of 2016–2019.Results: A total of 1,485 individuals with a mean age of 61.8 ± 11.7 years were included in the analysis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients whose metabolic syndrome worsened increased significantly by 21% compared with the 2018–2019 season. The body mass index increased by 0.09 ± 1.16 kg/m2 in the 2019–2020 pandemic period, whereas it decreased by –0.39 ± 3.03 kg/m2 in 2018–2019 and by –0.34 ± 2.18 kg/m2 in 2017–2018 (both p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure increased by 2.6 ± 18.2 mmHg in the COVID-19 pandemic period, while it decreased in the three antecedent seasons (all p < 0.05). The lipid profiles worsened in the pandemic period compared with the previous years. The Framingham coronary heart disease risk score also increased significantly.Conclusions: With preventive procedures during the contagious disease pandemic, nationwide strategies to maintain cardiometabolic health are necessary.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of COVID-19 and Associated Preventive Measures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Korea

Yoon

et al. 2021

Preprint

“…Notably, patients aged over 65 years increased their 10-year CHD risk score the most (1.2 ± 7.1%) and this-potentially-could contribute to a high mortality rate from COVID-19 in the elderly. Body weight, blood pressure, and lipid levels decreased in spring before the COVID-19 pandemic, similar to the results from previous studies [33][34][35] However, these cardiometabolic risk parameters increased signi cantly in the same period in the pandemic season. This opposite trend might re ect the impact of the pandemic on cardiometabolic risk parameters in most of our patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact of COVID-19 and Associated Preventive Measures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Korea: An Observational Study

Lim

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been required to follow preventive measures such as social distancing or staying at home, which can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. We investigated the effect of these preventive measures on metabolic parameters in individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods: Using data for patients who visited a tertiary hospital in South Korea at least twice a year for the past 4 years, changes in clinical and biochemical data from the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020) were compared with changes in the same data at the same annual time points during the three previous seasons of 2016–2019.Results: Among 7,094 patients, data for 1,485 were included. Systolic blood pressure increased by 2.6 ± 18.2 mmHg in the COVID-19 pandemic period compared with the 2018–2019, 2017–2018, and 2016–2017 seasons: –1.4 ± 16.5 mmHg, –2.8 ± 14.3 mmHg, and –0.7 ± 14.3 mmHg, respectively; all p < 0.05. The body mass index increased by 0.09 ± 1.16 kg/m2 in the 2019–2020 pandemic season whereas it changed by –0.39 ± 3.03 kg/m2 in 2018–2019 and by –0.34 ± 2.18 kg/m2 in 2017–2018 (both p <0.05). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels worsened in the pandemic season compared with the previous three. Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels also showed increasing tendencies during the pandemic, but without significance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients whose metabolic syndrome worsened increased significantly by 21% compared with the 2018–2019 season. The 10-year coronary heart disease risk calculated using the Framingham risk score also increased significantly.Conclusions: Comorbidity and mortality arising from cardiometabolic disorders as collateral damage during COVID-19 infections and preventive procedures could have major impacts on human health in the future. Nationwide strategies to reverse the aggravation of cardiometabolic health during a pandemic should be implemented in countries attempting to cope with it.

“…This is a similar finding to those reported in previous studies. 29 - 31 Body weight was lowest during the winter of 2019, most likely due to increased usage of SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs, and anti-obesity agents, specifically liraglutide. In addition, cardiometabolic risk parameters within our cohort increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and institution of COVID-19 preventive measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 and Associated Preventive Measures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Korea

Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome

Yoon

et al. 2021

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preventive measures mandated by government policies have included the closure of exercise facilities and movement restriction, which can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. We investigated the effect of these preventive measures on metabolic parameters in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders. Methods: In this retrospective, observational study of patients who visited the hospital at least twice a year for the past 4 years, changes in cardiometabolic factors during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2020) were compared with changes in the same cohort at the same annual time points during the previous seasons of 2016-2019. Results: A total of 1,485 individuals with a mean age of 61.8±11.7 years were included in the analyses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients whose metabolic syndrome worsened increased significantly by 21% compared with the 2018-2019 season. Body mass index increased by 0.09±1.16 kg/m 2 in the 2019-2020 pandemic period, whereas it decreased by -0.39±3.03 kg/m 2 in 2018-2019 and by -0.34±2.18 kg/m 2 in 2017-2018 (both P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure increased by 2.6±18.2 mmHg in the COVID-19 pandemic period, while it decreased in the three antecedent seasons (all P<0.05). Lipid profiles worsened in the pandemic period compared with the previous years. Framingham coronary heart disease risk score also increased significantly. Conclusion:Nationwide strategies to maintain cardiometabolic health are necessary during contagious disease pandemics like COVID-19 to mitigate the adverse health effects of pandemicpreventative strategies.