Seasonal variation in groundwater quality and beneficial use for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes from Deccan Basaltic Region, Western India

Kadam, Ajaykumar; Wagh, Vasant; Patil, S. N.; Umrikar, Bhavana; Sankhua, R. N.; Jacobs, James A.

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-12115-x

“…Many elements, ions, and compounds can dissolve in groundwater because the water and rocks react with each other. Many factors infuence groundwater quality, including mineral composition, dissolution and precipitation of minerals, anthropogenic activities, and seawater intrusion [1][2][3][4][5]. Safe drinking water services in Ethiopia are among the lowest in Sub Saharan Africa [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Yisr River Catchment, Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia, by Using the GIS, WQI, and Statistical Techniques

Demelash

¹

,

Atlabachew

²

,

Jothimani

³

et al. 2023

Journal of Chemistry

1

0

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Groundwater is a primary drinking, agricultural, domestic, and nondomestic water source in Ethiopia’s Yisr River watershed of the Blue Nile River basin. There has been no systematic investigation of the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in the research area. The study investigated the hydrogeochemical parameters of groundwater in the catchment to find out if it is fit for drinking and irrigation. A total of 26 samples of groundwater were collected and analyzed for seventeen parameters, including pH, temperature, EC, TDS, TH, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl−, HCO 3 − , CO 3 2 − , SO 4 2 − , F−, PO 4 2 − , and NO 3 − . The data were processed and evaluated using integrated hydrogeochemical techniques, including individual ionic signatures, interionic ratios, and multivariate statistical methods, such as multiple correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The water quality index (WQI) and Na%, PI, RSC, SAR, EC, TDS, and MH were used to judge the quality of water for drinking and irrigation, respectively. The box plot diagram shows the dominant ions in descending order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO 3 2 − > Cl- > SO 4 2 − > NO 3 − > F− for cations and anions, respectively. The chemical composition of shallow wells and springs indicates freshwater. At the same time, the deep groundwater wells are brackish. The two-factor loadings (principal component analysis) were used to explain the existence of anthropogenic and geogenic sources. Three clusters are identified in the dendrogram. The third cluster has the most significant linkage distance among all the clusters. This means that the groundwater sample in this cluster is geochemically different from the other two clusters, and that this cluster is made up of only deep wells. Water quality indices showed that water quality ranged from excellent to very poor, with the majority (53.85%) being excellent and 26.9% being good. The results of the calculated indices for agricultural water quality indicated that the water quality in most collected samples was in the good and excellent categories; however, the EC, RSC, MH, and TDS indices in deep groundwater wells were found to be hazardous. The findings of this study are useful for understanding groundwater sustainability for various reasons. However, they are also helpful in supporting water management and protection in the future.

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“…Therefore, an appropriate knowledge regarding the hydrochemistry of water is of utmost importance so as to properly evaluate the quality of the groundwater, especially in the rural areas as it significantly affects the usability of the groundwater for irrigation, domestic as well as for industrial needs (Biswas et al 2020;. Several studies (Rabeiy 2018;Aouiti et al 2020;Aravinthasamy et al 2021;Kadam et al 2021;Kamaraj et al 2021;Rao et al 2021;Şener et al 2021) have been conducted earlier regarding hydrochemistry and groundwater suitability for irrigation. The quality of the water used for irrigational purpose directly influences the yield of crops as well as land degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability assessment of groundwater quality for irrigational use in Sagardighi block, Murshidabad district, West Bengal

Mukhopadhyay

¹

,

Chakraborty

²

,

Bera

³

et al. 2022

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Groundwater alone comprises nearly about 80% of the available water for irrigation purpose in Murshidabad and this usage of groundwater for irrigation is yet to increase further in the upcoming years. The present study was carried out to access the groundwater’s suitability for different agricultural purposes in and around Sagardighi block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. Groundwater samples from thirty three different locations around Sagardighi were collected and then tested in the laboratory for various physical as well as chemical parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, some major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe2+) and some anions (CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−). To further delineate the suitable groundwater zones for irrigation practices, the irrigation water quality parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s ratio (KR) were also calculated. Results show that most of the water samples had low to medium salinity, while only a very few of the samples show high salinity. Piper trilinear plot reveals that the water is primarily of Ca–Mg–HCO3− facies type. The SAR value of majority of the water samples in the study area are less than 10, which is within safe limits. RSC values indicate that the carbonate content is extremely low in the groundwater of the study area. Overall, the results indicate that majority of the samples are fit to be used for irrigational purpose. The findings of this study would help decision-makers in developing irrigation suitability planning and groundwater resource management in the future.

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“…However, due to numerous natural or anthropogenic factors, the groundwater quality has been under threat of deterioration in terms of quality and quantity. The contamination of groundwater has been reported in several recent studies (Adimalla and Venkatayogi 2018;Kadam et al 2021aKadam et al , 2021bKadam et al , 2021cLi et al 2016Li et al , 2021Wu et al 2015). Particularly in the urban areas of developing countries, the water quality has deteriorated significantly due to an exponential increase in industrialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

Swain

¹

,

Sahoo

²

,

Taloor

³

2022

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This study presents an assessment of groundwater quality over the two constituent districts (Faridabad and Gurgaon) of the National Capital Region (NCR), India, using geospatial and statistical approaches. These districts have been subjected to rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent years. The groundwater quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonate (CO32−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), fluoride (F−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), silica (SiO2), and total hardness (TH) are obtained for the year of 2017 from 28 sites over the study area. The suitability for human drinking purposes is assessed by comparing the concentration of parameters at each site with respect to their permissible limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 10500: 2012). The geospatial mapping of the water quality parameters is carried out to visualize their variations, whereas their risk assessment is accomplished by the statistical approaches viz., water quality index (WQI), correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA). The number of sites exceeding the permissible limits of pH, EC, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, F−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and TH is obtained to be 7, 15, 5, 6, 8, 3, 5, 7, 18, 3, and 8, respectively. The WQI analysis revealed 10 out of the 28 sites to be unsuitable for drinking purposes. The parameters mostly exhibited positive correlations except for pH that showed a negative correlation with other parameters. The results of PCA revealed the first principal component (PC1) to explain more than 95% of the total variance, thereby significantly reducing the dimensionality. The deteriorated water quality may be mainly attributed to anthropogenic activities, i.e., reckless industrial growth, population explosion, and rapid urbanization. This study emphasizes the need for regular water quality monitoring, and the information reported will certainly help for water resources planning and management, especially over the industrial regions of NCR, India.

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Seasonal variation in groundwater quality and beneficial use for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes from Deccan Basaltic Region, Western India

Cited by 37 publications

References 72 publications

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Yisr River Catchment, Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia, by Using the GIS, WQI, and Statistical Techniques

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Yisr River Catchment, Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia, by Using the GIS, WQI, and Statistical Techniques

Suitability assessment of groundwater quality for irrigational use in Sagardighi block, Murshidabad district, West Bengal

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

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