Seasonal variation in foliar composition of black walnut trees

Ponder, Felix; Phares, Robert E.; Schlesinger, Richard C.

doi:10.1080/00103627909367006

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Foliar N levels in our study were slightly lower than reported for oaks in other studies (Martin et al 1998, Kabrick et al 2005. However, foliar N is highly mobile and its concentrations have been shown to vary over the course of a growing season (Ponder et al 1979, Scherzer et al 2003. Our samples were taken in late summer (August) during a particularly dry period when foliage N levels would be expected to be lower than earlier in the growing season (Kennedy and Schlaegel 1985).…”

Section: Nutrient Content Of Chipped Materialscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Components and Nutrient Concentrations of Small-Diameter Woody Biomass for Energy

Kabrick¹,

Dwyer²,

Shifley³

et al. 2013

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry

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The growing interest in using woody biomass for energy offers a potential opportunity to commercially remove cohorts of small-diameter trees (Ͻ 25 cm dbh) during thinning operations that otherwise have little or no economic value. However, there is little information about the quantity of biomass and the nutrients that would be removed during small-diameter harvests in oak stands of the Central Hardwood Region. The objectives of the study were to quantify biomass removals by component (foliage, twigs, bark, and stemwood) and the nutrient concentrations within components for estimating quantities of both wood and nutrients that would be removed under alternative harvest prescriptions. White oak was the most common species harvested; others included post oak, black oak, mockernut hickory, American elm, persimmon, white ash, and dogwood. Sampling indicated that heartwood and sapwood comprised most of the biomass (78-79%) followed by bark (15%), twigs (4-5%), and leaves (about 2%). Estimated nutrient removals during a small-diameter harvest in this region were 1.3-3 times greater than during conventional sawlog harvests. The relatively high nutrient removals that can occur for biomass harvesting compared to traditional sawlog harvests underscore an ongoing need to ensure that nutrient removals during biomass harvesting do not exceed inputs from soil mineral weathering and the atmosphere.

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Section: Nutrient Content Of Chipped Materialscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Components and Nutrient Concentrations of Small-Diameter Woody Biomass for Energy

Kabrick¹,

Dwyer²,

Shifley³

et al. 2013

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry

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“…Most pecan growers apply at least 112 kg N ha À 1 annually and seldom exceeds 224 kg N ha À 1 (5). The seasonal elemental quality of black walnut leaves has been evaluated (20); and based on those results and other information, fertilizer effects would not be expected to last more than 2 to 3 years (21). The application of 0.18 kg of NPK (13-13-13)acm of tree diameter signi®cantly increased nut production when applied in late summer but not in spring (11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Applications of N, P, and K Interrupt Alternate-Year Nut Crops in Black Walnut

Ponder

Jones²

2001

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Nut production and diameter growth at breast height of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) were measured for 5 years to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization separately, in combination, and with and without phosphorus (P) broadcast annually for 4 years at two rates. Fertilization signi®cantly (P b 0.05) increased nut production and diameter growth. Treatments containing P with N andaor K were most effective for increasing nut production, and treatments containing N were most effective for increasing diameter growth. Doubling the rate of application did not cause a corresponding increase in nut production or diameter growth. Leaf levels of N, P, and K were within the adequate range, and the addition of N increased leaf JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION, 24(4&5), 661±670 (2001) 661

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“…81,101 Spring and early summer represent the physiologically important period of nutrient stress 135 that is characterised by a high demand for nutrients in order to develop the leaves. During this period the variation trees in the same stand has been reported to be minimal, 91,117 but rapid changes in nutrient concentrations and leaf mass, 20 the flow of nutrients from perennial tissues to leaves, 43 and the undefined time of nutrient stress, 85 make spring and early summer sampling problematic. 20 Autumn is also unsuitable for leaf sampling: N, P, K and Mg are resorbed in the branches in preparation for the following year's growth, and Ca preferentially moves to the leaves.…”

Section: Sources Of Variability In Time 61 Seasonal Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, increasing rainfall and high mean temperatures during the growing season increased foliar concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg in Pinus sylvestris L. 137 During four growing seasons the foliar concentrations of K, Ca and Mg remained very stable, but the N concentration varied considerably from one year to another. 43,78,91 Within a five-year period, relative standard deviations of 5% for N, 7% for P, 20% for Mn and 0% for Mg were reported. 2 In long-term environmental monitoring, changes in tree age have a strong impact on the element composition; 138 older trees had lower N, P, Ca and S concentrations in their leaves than younger trees.…”

Section: Annual Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling procedure for the foliar analysis of deciduous trees

Luyssaert

Raitio²,

Vervaeke

et al. 2002

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Sampling can be the source of the greatest errors in the overall results of foliar analysis. This paper reviews the variability in heavy metal concentrations in tree crowns, which is a feature that should be known and understood when designing a suitable leaf sampling procedure. The leaf sampling procedures applied in 75 articles were examined. Most of the environmental studies used a closely related form of the UN/ECE-EC leaf sampling procedure, which was developed for the long-term monitoring of forest condition. Studies with objectives outside the UN/ECE-EC field of application should utilize a sampling procedure that is in accordance with the objectives of the study and based on the observed variation in pilot and similar studies. The inherent sources of heavy metal variability inside the stand, i.e. the crown class, stand management, site properties, crown dimensions, infections, seasons, etc. were discussed, but the underlying causes of this variability are rarely understood. The inherent variability in tree crowns is the reason for using leaf sampling as a tool in pollution studies. The objectives of a pollution study determine which sources of variability are utilized by the researcher.

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Seasonal variation in foliar composition of black walnut trees

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Components and Nutrient Concentrations of Small-Diameter Woody Biomass for Energy

Components and Nutrient Concentrations of Small-Diameter Woody Biomass for Energy

Annual Applications of N, P, and K Interrupt Alternate-Year Nut Crops in Black Walnut

Sampling procedure for the foliar analysis of deciduous trees

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