Seasonal Variability of Carbon Monoxide (CO) in the Ambient Environment of IMO State, Nigeria

Njoku, P. C.; Ibe, Francis Chizoruo; Alinnor, Jude; Opara, Alexander Iheanyichukwu

doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.53.40

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…CO is a trace gas, emitted due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and reaction among oxidation of hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and methane, also from the vehicle, industrial hubs, open burning as well as aircraft emission (Jaffe 2012 ) and wood fires (Aneja et al 2001 ; Gaur et al 2014 ; Njoku et al 2016 ). The diurnal pattern varies highly based on human activities in urban centres (Jaffe 2012 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the air quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Sarkar

Das²,

Mukhopadhyay

2020

Environ Dev Sustain

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The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24 March 2020 and was further extended up to 3 May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. The study is designed to assess the changes in air quality from the pre-lockdown period to the during lockdown period in Kolkata and Howrah municipal corporation, West Bengal, India. GIS-based techniques include the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants using interpolation method, and on the other hand, statistical methods like analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences two phases and correlation matrix helps to understand the changing association of the pollutants in pre- and during lockdown phases. Significant correlations have been found among the pollutants, ANOVA (Two-Way) has shown the significant mean difference of NAQI between the two phases, F (1,611) = 465.723, p < 0.0001; pairwise comparison for Ballygunge has shown the highest mean difference 108.194 at p < 0.0001 significant level between lockdown and pre-lockdown phase. Significant positive correlation has been found between PM 2.5 , PM 10 (0.99*); PM 2.5, NO 2 (0.81*); PM 10 , NO 2 (0.81*); CO, NO 2 (0.77*) and some negative correlations have also been found between O 3 , NO (− 0.15); O 3 and NH 3 (− 0.36) in the pre-lockdown phase. The reduction amount of mean concentration from the pre-lockdown phase to during lockdown of the main pollutants like PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 are ~ 58.71%, ~ 57.92% and ~ 55.23%. Near Rabindra Bharati University constant emission of PM 2.5 , 10 and NO 2 have been recorded due to the nearby Cossipore thermal power station.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the air quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Sarkar

Das²,

Mukhopadhyay

2020

Environ Dev Sustain

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“…1. Variation was categorized according to previous publications (Njoku et al 2016;Opara et al 2016). Health risk assessment was also carried out to determine the tendency of cancer risk due to the PAHs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They could be emitted from processes that occur naturally such as volcanic eruptions, biomass combustion, and diagenetic processes (Wang et al 2011). Atmospheric deposition could contribute to high PAH concentrations in areas considered unpolluted by virtue of the economic and other anthropogenic activities in such areas (Marr et al 2006;Tian et al 2009;Opara et al 2016;Njoku et al 2016;Ibe et al 2020). In addition, the low elevation of the area (control) as well as high permeability and porosity of the Benin Formation may have contributed to the increased concentration of PAHs (Onyeagocha 1980;Ibe et al 2020;Ejiogu et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, recycling of electronic waste was a serious business in the area before the automobile mechanics were evacuated. Often the dismantled components are burnt, which could lead to severe contamination of the surrounding air, surface water, groundwater, soil, and river sediments by organic contaminants, such as PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyls ethers (PBDEs) (Yu et al 2006;Li et al 2007;Opara et al 2016;Njoku et al 2016). Besides, there is an urgent need to regularly assess the level of contaminants in the area due to the activities of the automobile mechanics and other artisans in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological risk assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of the abandoned sections of Orji Mechanic Village, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Background Ecological risk assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of the abandoned sections of Orji Mechanic Village, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to determine the levels of soil contamination from polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) due to anthropogenic events in the mechanic village before reclamation. Results Analysis of soil samples revealed mean PAH levels ranging from 1.22E−02 ± 0.00 to 5.60E−02 ± 0.01 mg/kg, with higher PAH concentrations observed at 0–10 cm compared to other depths. The sum of PAHs (∑PAHs) ranged from 1.58E−01 to 6.71E−01 mg/kg, as the sum of low molecular weight PAHs (∑LPAHs) varied from 7.16E−03 to 1–1.60E−01 mg/kg, while the sum of high molecular weight PAHs (∑HPAHs) ranged from 1.81E−02 to 5.42E−01 mg/kg. The sum of carcinogenic PAHs (∑Carcino-PAHs) varied from 5.39E−01 to 9.74E−02 mg/kg, indicating elevated levels of carcinogens in the sampled soils. Diagnostic ratio, principal component, and correlation analysis of the results revealed that pyrogenic sources were primarily responsible for the observed PAHs owing to the activities of automobile mechanics in the Orji Mechanic Village. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BePeq) of the PAHs indicated high carcinogenic potency for sample A. The total cancer risk was above 1 × 10–6, indicating a greater risk of cancer due to contact with the contaminated soil samples; hence, the result of this study is a serious ecological concern. Conclusion There may be accumulation of these contaminants in the investigated area, which will eventually contaminate the groundwater as well as surface water resources. Remedial measures to prevent possible health problems due to the PAHs which results from the activities of automobile mechanics are therefore recommended.

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“…The spatial concentration pattern of ozone can be represented as Victoria>Ballygunge>RabindraSarovar>FortWilliam>Padmapukur>RabindraBharati>Jadavpur>Ghusuri in the prelockdown phase and Victoria>Ballygunge>RabindraSarovar>Padmapukur>Fort William>RabindraBharati>Jadavpur>Ghusuri during lockdown phase. CO is a trace gas, emitted due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and reaction among oxidation of hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and methane, also from the vehicle, industrial hubs and wood res (Aneja et al 2001;Gaur et al 2014;Njoku et al 2016). National Green Tribunal (2019) reported that street food stalls on footpaths use charcoal, dump cake and other materials as fuel are the sources of severe pollution.…”

Section: Observed Concentration Of the Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Sarkar

Das²,

Mukhopadhyay

2020

Preprint

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Abstract The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24th March 2020 and was further extended up to 3rd May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. The study is designed to assess the changes in air quality from the pre lockdown period to the during lockdown period in Kolkata and Howrah municipal corporation, West Bengal, India. GIS-based techniques include the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants using interpolation method, on the other hand, statistical methods like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences two phases and correlation matrix helps to understand the changing association of the pollutants in pre and during-lockdown phases. Significant correlations have been found among the pollutants, ANOVA (Two-Way) has shown the significant mean difference of NAQI between the two phases, F (1,611)=465.723, p<0.0001; pairwise comparison for Ballygunj has shown the highest mean difference 108.194 at p<0.0001 significant level between lockdown and pre lockdown phase. Significant positive correlation has been found between PM2.5, PM 10 (0.99*); PM2.5, NO2 (0.81*); PM10, NO2 (0.81*); CO, NO2 (0.77*) and some negative correlations have also been found between O3, NO (-0.15); O3 and NH3 (-0.36) in the pre lockdown phase. The reduction amount of mean concentration from the pre lockdown phase to during lockdown of the main pollutants like PM 2.5, PM10 and NO2 are ~58.71%, ~57.92% and ~55.23%. Near RBU constant emission of PM2.5, 10 and NO2 have been recorded due to the nearby Cossipore thermal power station.

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Seasonal Variability of Carbon Monoxide (CO) in the Ambient Environment of IMO State, Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Assessing the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the air quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Assessing the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the air quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Ecological risk assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of the abandoned sections of Orji Mechanic Village, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

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